Table of Contents

• ESMĀʿĪL

  Cross-Reference

  (ISHMAEL). See EBRĀHĪM.

• ESMĀʿĪL b. JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ

  Farhad Daftary

  the sixth Imam and the eponym of the Ismaʿilis.

• ESMĀʿĪL ḤAQQĪ BORSAVĪ

  Tahsin Yazıcı

  or Oskodārī, b. MOṢṬAFĀ, Shaikh Abu’l-Fedāʾ (b. Aydos 1652; d. Bursa, 1725), Turkish scholar, theologian, and mystic.

• ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ

  Roger M. Savory, Ahmet T. Karamustafa

  (1487-1524), SHAH ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR, founder of the Safavid dynasty whose decision, the promulgation of the Eṯnā-ʿašarī rite of Shiʿism to be the official religion of the state, had profound consequences for the subsequent history of Persia.

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• ESMĀʿIL II

  Kioumars Ghereghlou

  (1537-1577), the third Safavid monarch, fought the Ottomans as the governor of Šervan and later was made the crown prince by Ṭahmāsp I and sent to Qazvin. His liaisons with male companions led to his demotion and imprisonment, until he took the throne with the backing of his supporters.

• ESMĀʿĪL III ṢAFAWĪ

  John R. Perry

  (r. 1750-73), ABŪ TORĀB, Safavid shadow-king, the third Safavid dynast of that name.

• ESMĀʿĪL ḴANDĀN

  Cross-Reference

  See ALTUNTĀŠ.

• ESMĀʿIL KHAN BURBUR

  Dariush Borbor

  (1800-1888), high ranking military official under the Qajars.

• ESMĀʿĪL KHAN QAŠQĀʾĪ

  Cross-Reference

  ṢAWLAT-AL-DAWLA, SARDĀR-E ʿAŠĀYER. See ṢAWLAT-AL-DAWLA.

• ESMĀʿĪL KHAN ṢĪMQO

  Cross-Reference

  or SEMĪTQŪ. See ṢĪMQO.