Table of Contents

• EŠRĀQ ḴĀVARĪ, ʿABD-AL-ḤAMĪD

  Vahid Rafati

  (b. Mašhad, 1902; d. Tehran, 1972), Bahai scholar, teacher, and author.

• EŠRĀQĪ SCHOOL

  Cross-Reference

  See ILLUMINATIONISM.

• ʿEŠRĪNĪYA

  Cross-Reference

  See BĪSTGĀNĪ.

• ESTAHBĀN

  Mīnū Yūsof-nežād

  town and district in Fārs, bordered in the north by the Baḵtagān lake, in the northeast and the east by Neyrīz/Nīrīz, in the south by Dārāb, in the southwest by Fasā, and in the west by Shiraz.

• EṢṬAḴR

  A. D. H. Bivar, Mary Boyce

  (ESTAḴR, STAḴR), city and district in ancient Persia (Fārs). It was presumably a suburb of the urban settlement once surrounding the Achaemenid royal residences, of which few traces survive. After the death of Seleucus I (280 B.C.), when the province began to re-assert its independence, its center seems to have developed at Eṣṭaḵr.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ESTAḴR NEWSPAPER

  Nassereddin Parvin

  a newspaper published in Shiraz from 1918-1932 and 1942-1962.

• EṢṬAḴRĪ, ABŪ ESḤĀQ EBRĀHĪM

  O. G. Bolshakov

  b. Moḥammad Fāresī Karḵī, 10th-century Muslim traveler and geographer and founder of the genre of masālek (lit. “itineraries”) literature.

• EṢṬAḴRĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD ḤASAN

  Jeanette Wakin

  b. Aḥmad b. Yazīd (858-939), Shafiʿite jurisconsult and author.

• ESTĀLEF

  Daniel Balland

  large Persian-speaking village of the Kōhdāman, 55 km north of Kabul, built on a foothill of the Paḡmān range of the Hindu Kush between 1,875 and 1,950 m above sea-level.

• ESTEʿĀRA

  Julie S. Meisami

  lit. "to borrow"; the general term for metaphor.