Table of Contents

• ĀZĀD BELGRĀMĪ

  M. Siddiqi

  Major Indo-Muslim poet, biographer, and composer of chronograms, also known as Ḥassān-al-Hend (fl. 1116-1200/1704-86).

• ĀZĀD FĪRŪZ

  A. Tafażżolī

  governor of Bahrain and the surrounding area in the time of Ḵosrow (probably Ḵosrow II Parvēz).

• ĀZĀD KHAN AFḠĀN

  J. R. Perry

  (d. 1781), a major contender for supremacy in western Iran after the death of Nāder Shah Afšār (r. 1736-47).

• ĀZĀD TABRIZI

  J. T. P. de Bruijn

  physician, anthologist, and translator (b. Tehran, ca. 1854; d. Paris, 1936).

• ĀZĀD, ʿABD-AL-QADIR

  Bāqer ʿĀqeli

  (1893-1973), journalist, politician, Majles deputy, member of opposition groups.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ĀZĀD, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN

  K. N. Pandita

  Scholar and writer in Urdu and Persian, born about 1834 in Delhi.

• ĀZĀDA

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  name of a Roman slave-girl of Bahrām Gōr.

• AZADARAN-E BAYAL

  MAHYAR ENTEZARI

  a collection of short stories by Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Sāʿedi, the prolific engagé writer of drama and fiction.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ʿAZĀDĀRĪ

  J. Calmard

  to hold a commemoration of the dead, by extension, mourning, a word deriving from Arabic ʿazāʾ, which means commemorating the dead.

• ĀZĀḎBEH B. BĀNEGĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a dehqān (landowner) of Hamadān, marzbān (governor) in the former Lakhmid capital of Ḥīra in central Iraq during the years preceding the Arab conquest of that province.

• ĀZĀDĪ

  N. Parvīn

  (Freedom), the name of the several Persian journals.

• ĀZĀDĪSTĀN

  N. Parvīn

  the title of a Persian educational magazine which came out at Tabrīz in Jawzā, 1299/June-August, 1920.

• ĀZĀDSARV

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  Two bearers of this name are known.

• ĀZĀDVĀR

  C. E. Bosworth

  (or Āzaḏvār), a small town of Khorasan in the district (kūra, rostāq) of Jovayn, which flourished in medieval Islamic times, apparently down to the Il-khanid period.

• AŻĀʿELḴᵛĀNĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See MANĀQEB ḴᵛĀNĪ.

• AZAL

  J. van Ess

  Arabic theological term derived from Pahlavi a-sar “without head” and meaning, already in early Muʿtazilite kalām, “eternity a parte ante,” as opposite to abad (q.v.), “eternity a parte post.”

• AZALI BABISM

  D. M. MacEoin

  designation of a religious faction which takes its name from Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī Ṣobḥ-e Azal (about 1246-1330/1830-1912), considered by his followers to have been the legitimate successor to the Bāb (q.v.).

• AʿẒAM KHAN

  ʿA. Ḥabībī

  the fifth son of Amir Dōst Moḥammad Khan and the third amir of the Moḥammadzay line, ruler of Afghanistan in 1284/1867-1285/1868.

• ĀŽANG

  N. Parvīn

  (Wrinkle), a Persian newspaper which commenced publication in Esfand, 1332 Š./February, 1954, and lasted until 1353 Š./1974.

• ĀZAR

  Cross-Reference

  father of Abraham. See EBRĀHĪM.

• ĀẔAR BĪGDELĪ

  J. Matīnī

  (ĀḎAR BĪGDELĪ), poet and author of a taḏkera (biographical anthology) of about 850 Persian poets, complied in 1174/1760.

• ĀẔAR KAYVĀN

  H. Corbin

  (ĀḎAR KAYVĀN;  d. between 1609 and 1618), a Zoroastrian high priest and native of Fārs who emigrated to India and became the founder of the Zoroastrian Ešrāqī or Illuminative School.

• ĀẔAR ḴORDĀD

  cross-reference

  See ĀDUR FARNBAG.

• AẔAR “fire”

  cross-reference

  See ĀDUR.

• ĀẔARBĀDAGĀN

  cross-reference

  See AZERBAIJAN.

• ĀẔARBĀY(E)JĀN

  cross-reference

  See AZERBAIJAN.

• ĀẔARBĀYJĀN JOURNAL

  N. Parvīn

  (ĀḎARBĀY[E]JĀN), the title of a satirical-political journal published at Tabrīz in 1907.

• ĀẔARĪ language

  cross-reference

  the ancient language of Azerbaijan. See AZERBAIJAN vii.

• ĀẔARĪ ṬŪSĪ

  A. ʿA. Rajāʾī

  (ĀḎARĪ ṬŪSĪ), NŪR-AL-DĪN (or FAḴR-AL-DĪN) ḤAMZA B. ʿALĪ MALEK ESFARĀYENĪ BAYHAQĪ, Shiʿite Sufi poet (fl. 1382-1462).

• ĀZARMĪGDUXT

  Ph. Gignoux

  Sasanian queen who according to Ṭabarī ruled for a few months in 630.

• ĀẔARŠAHR

  ʿA. ʿA. Kārang

  (or DEHḴᵛĀRAQĀN; in the local Azeri Turkish: Toḵargān), a town and a district (baḵš) of the šahrestān of Tabrīz.

• AŽDAHĀ

  P. O. Skjærvø, Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh, J. R. Russell

  “dragon,” various kinds of snake-like, mostly gigantic, monsters living in the air, on earth, or in the sea (also designated by other terms) sometimes connected with natural phenomena, especially rain and eclipses.

• AZDĀKARA

  M. Dandamayev

  (from Old Persian azdā- “announcement” and kara- “maker”), officials of the Achaemenid chancery, the heralds, who made known, for example, the government edicts, court sentences.

• AZDI, ʿABD-AL-JABBĀR

  G. R. Hawting

  b. ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān, a governor of Khorasan who came into conflict with the caliph al-Manṣur, executed, probably in 142/759-60.

• AZDĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  G. R. Hawting

  B. RAWWĀD, a notable of Azerbaijan at the beginning of the 3rd/9th century, known mainly in connection with the revolt of Bābak (q.v.), the leader of the Ḵorrami movement.

• AZERBAIJAN

  Multiple Authors

  (Āḏarbāy[e]jān), historical region of northwestern Iran, east of Lake Urmia, since the Achaemenid era.

• AZERBAIJAN i. Geography

  X. de Planhol

• AZERBAIJAN ii. Archeology

  W. Kleiss

• AZERBAIJAN iii. Pre-Islamic History

  K. Schippmann

• AZERBAIJAN iv. Islamic History to 1941

  C. E. Bosworth

• AZERBAIJAN v. History from 1941 to 1947

  B. Kuniholm

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• AZERBAIJAN vi. Population and its Occupations and Culture

  R. Tapper

• AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan

  E. Yarshater

• AZERBAIJAN viii. Azeri Turkish

  G. Doerfer

• AZERBAIJAN ix. Iranian Elements in Azeri Turkish

  L. Johanson

• AZERBAIJAN x. Azeri Literature

  H. Javadi and K. Burrill

• AZERBAIJAN xi. Music of Azerbaijan

  J. During

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• AZERBAIJAN xii. MONUMENTS

  Wolfram Kleiss

  The Iranian provinces of Azerbaijan, both West and East, possess a large number of monuments from all periods of history.

• AZES

  D. W. Mac Dowell

  the name of two Indo-Scythian kings of the major dynasty ruling an empire based on the Punjab and Indus valley from about 50 B.C. to A.D. 30.

• AẒFARĪ GŪRGĀNĪ

  M. Baqir

  18th-century Indo-Persian poet and lexicographer.