Table of Contents

• ARCHIVES i. Turkish archives concerning Iran

  Osman G. Özgüdenli

  It is evident that the archive material of the Ottoman Empire was very well maintained, already from the early times. However, a number of older documents were destroyed by Timur (d. 1405) during his conquest of Bursa, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire, after the battle of Ankara in 1402.

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• ARD

  Cross-Reference

  (Pahlavi; Manichean Middle Persian ʾyrd). See AHRIŠWANG, AŠI. 

• ARD YAŠT

  P. O. Skjærvø

  Middle Persian name of the Avestan hymn dedicated to Aši.

• ARDĀ WĪRĀZ

  Ph. Gignoux

  “Wīrāz the just,”  principal character of the Zoroastrian Middle Persian text Ardā Wīrāz-nāmag.

• ARDABĪL

  C. E. Bosworth, X. de Planhol, M. E. Weaver, M. Medley

  town and district in northeastern Azerbaijan.

• ARDABIL v. Population, 1956-2011

  Mohammad Hossein Nejatian

  the population growth from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, and economic activity status for 2006 and/or 2011.

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• ARDABĪL CARPET

  M. Beattie

  a name applied chiefly to a Persian carpet acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1893, which is significant for its outstanding quality of design and weaving and for the precise date it carries. A second, almost identical carpet is less well known; it was presented by the late J. Paul Getty to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1953.

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• ARDABĪLĪ

  W. Madelung

  known as MOQADDAS and MOḤAQQEQ ARDABĪLĪ, Imamite theologian and jurist of the early Safavid age. 

• ARDAHANG

  Cross-Reference

  See ARŽANG.

• ARDAKĀN-E FĀRS

  C. E. Bosworth

  a small upland town of the ostān of Fārs.