Search Results for “turkic tribes”

• GÜNDÜZLÜ

  Cross-Reference

  See TURKIC TRIBES.

• AMRANLU

  P. Oberling

  a small Turkic tribe which has settled down in the village of Galūgāh in Māzandarān.  

• BĀYBŪRTLŪ

  P. Oberling

  (also Bāybūrdlū), a Turkic tribe of northwestern Iran whose only vestiges seem to be the names of a few historical personalities.

• ĀYRĪMLŪ

  P. Oberling

  (in Persian often Āyromlū), Turkic tribe of western Azerbaijan.

• KÖROĞLU

  Multiple Authors

  also Göroḡly, name of an early-17th-century folk hero and poet, whose stories are mainly known among the Turkic peoples; passed into the folk literature of the Armenians, Georgians, Kurds and Bulghars, and the Iranian provinces of Azerbaijan and Khorasan.

• BABĀJĀʾĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See KURDISTAN TRIBES.

• CLOTHING

  Multiple Authors

  (Ar. and Pers. lebās, Pers. pūšāk, jāma, raḵt). The articles in this series are devoted to clothing of the Iranian peoples in successive historical periods and of various regions and ethnic groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Iran.

• NAFAR

  Pierre Oberling

  a tribe of Fārs and the Tehran region. Although of Turkic origin, the Nafar of Fārs have become a mixture of Turkic, Arab, and Lor elements.

• IGDIR

  Pierre Oberling

  a Turkic tribe in Persia and Anatolia. It was one of the 24 original Oghuz tribes.  Like other tribes that migrated to the Middle East in Saljuqid times, it has become widely scattered.

• AQ EVLI

  P. Oberling

  a small Turkic tribe of Fārs. According to legend, the ancestors of the present-day Āq Evlīs were forced to migrate from Azerbaijan to Khorasan in Safavid times.

• JAHĀNBEGLU

  P. Oberling

  (or Jānbeglu), one of several Kurdish tribes transplanted from northwestern Persia to Māzandarān by Āḡā Moḥammad Khan Qajar (r. 1789-97).

• DELĪKĀNLŪ

  Pierre Oberling

  tribe of the Ḵalḵāl region in eastern Persian Azerbaijan.

• ČERĀM

  Pierre Oberling

  or ČORŪM, a small tribal confederacy (īl) inhabiting the dehestān of Čerām, in the Kūhgīlūya region, in southwestern Persia.

• AḠĀČ ERĪ

  P. Oberling

  a tribe of mixed ethnic origin living in eastern Ḵūzestān.

• ḴĀLU

  Pierre Oberling

  a small Turkic tribe of Kermān province.  According to the Iranian Army files (1957), this tribe once lived in the vicinity of Bardsir and Māšiz, southwest of Kermān.

• FEYLĪ

  Pierre Oberling

  group of Lor tribes located mainly in Luristan.

• AYNALLŪ

  P. Oberling

  (or ĪNALLŪ, ĪNĀLŪ, ĪMĀNLŪ), a tribe of Ḡozz Turkic origin inhabiting Azerbaijan, central Iran and Fārs.

• DAVALLU

  Cross-Reference

  See QAJAR TRIBES.

• GĒL

  Cross-Reference

  tribes in the Arsacid and Sasanian periods. See GĪLĀN.

• JĀKI

  P. Oberling

  a group of Lor tribes in the Kuhgiluya region of eastern Khuzesan. They comprise the tribal confederations of the Čahārboniča (or Čarboniča) and the Lirāvi.

• KAŠKULI BOZORG

  Pierre Oberling

  one of the five major tribes of the Qashqāʾi (Qašqāʾi) tribal confederacy of Fārs province.

• ARIZANTOI

  C. J. Brunner

  one of the six tribes of the Median nation as listed by Herodotus.

• AZERBAIJAN ix. Iranian Elements in Azeri Turkish

  L. Johanson

  perhaps after Uzbek, the Turkic language upon which Iranian has exerted the strongest impact—mainly in phonology, syntax and vocabulary, less in morphology.

• ABDĀLĪ

  C. M. Kieffer

  ancient name of a large tribe, or more particularly of a group of Afghan tribes, better known by the name of Dorrānī since the reign of Aḥmad Šāh Dorrānī (1747-72). 

• KURUNI

  Pierre Oberling

  a Kurdish tribe of Kurdistan and Fārs. Most of the tribe was transplanted from Kurdistan to Fārs by Karim Khan Zand during the 1760s.

• ḤĀJI ʿALILU

  Pierre Oberling

  a Turkic tribe of Persian Azerbaijan. Its main branch lives north of Varzaqān and Ahar, in Qarājadāḡ (Arasbārān); another branch dwells in the vicinity of Marāḡa.

• GERĀYLĪ

  Pierre Oberling

  a Turkic tribe of Khorasan, Gorgān, and Māzandarān.

• IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (8) Semitic Languages

  Gernot Windfuhr

   First Aramaic and then Arabic had considerable contact with Iranian languages. Their impact differs.

• TURKIC LOANWORDS IN PERSIAN

  Michael Knüppel

  Turkic-Iranian language contacts, as well as reciprocal loaning/borrowing of words, go back to the era of the Old Turkic language. 

• CHALDEANS

  Muhammad Dandamayev

  (Kaldu), West Semitic tribes of southern Babylonia attested in Assyrian texts from the early 9th century B.C.

• YARKAND

  Pavel Lurje

  a town in Chinese Turkestan, at the southwestern end of the Tarim Basin (38°27' N, 77°16' E; alt. 1,190 m).

• BOČĀQČĪ

  Pierre Oberling

  a Turkic tribe of Sīrjān in Kermān province.

• KERMANSHAH

  Multiple Authors

  a province in western Iran; also the name of its principal city and capital.

• CARDUCHI

  Muhammad Dandamayev

  warlike tribes that in antiquity occupied the hilly country along the upper Tigris near the Assyrian and Median borders, in present-day western Kurdistan.

• ILĀM

  Multiple Author

  a province, sub-province, and town in western Iran.

• ʿAMALA

  P. Oberling

  (literally: workers, retainers), the retinue of a tribal chief, and the name of a number of tribes.

• KANJAKI

  Nicholas Sims-Williams

  language mentioned in the 11th-century Turkish lexicon of Maḥmud al-Kāšḡari as being spoken in the villages near Kāšḡar.

• KARĀʾI

  P. Oberling

  a Turkic-speaking tribe of Azerbaijan, Khorasan, Kermān and Fārs.

• JABBĀRA

  P. Oberling

  a group of Shiʿite Arabs in Fārs province who, together with the Šaybāni, form the Arab tribe of the Ḵamsa tribal confederation.

• WHITE SHEEP DYNASTY

  Cross-Reference

  A confederation of Turkman tribes who ruled in eastern Anatolia and western Iran until the Safavid conquest in 1501. See AQ QOYUNLU.
  

• ḴALAJ i. TRIBE

  Pierre Oberling

  tribe originating from Turkistan, generally referred to as Turks but possibly Indo-Iranian.

• TENTS ii. Variety, Construction, and Use

  Peter Alford Andrews

  Both of the basic tent types used by nomads elsewhere in the Middle East are present in Iran and Afghanistan: the black, goat-hair tent and the felt tent.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• TURKO-SOGDIAN COINAGE

  Larissa Baratova

  issues of the khaqans (ḵāqāns) of the Western Turkic khanate in Central Asia between the 6th and 8th centuries CE, so called because the Turkic rulers issued them with Sogdian inscriptions.

• AKES

  M. A. Dandamayev

  (Greek Akēs), a river in Central Asia, the modern Tejen or Harī-rūd (q.v.).

• FĀRS vii. Ethnography

  Pierre Oberling

  The largest part of the population of Fārs is of Iranian stock, but since the rise of Islam in the 7th century there has been substantial immigration of peoples of other ethnic origins into the province.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ECKMANN, János

  ANDRÁS BODROGLIGETI

  (1905-1971), a Hungarian Professor of Chaghatay.

• JUDAKI

  Pierre Oberling

  a small Lor tribe of the Ḵorramābād region in western Persia.

• INĀLU

  cross-reference

  See ḴAMSA.

• KORA-SONNI

  Pierre Oberling

  a tribe in western Persian Azerbaijan.

• BĪGDELĪ

  Gerhard Doerfer

  (or Bēgdelī, also Bagdīlū), a former Turkish tribe; the name Bīgdelī appears to have survived only in personal names.

• LION RUGS

  Parviz Tanavoli

  (gabba-ye širi), a group of Persian rugs with the image of the lion as the main motif. The majority of the existing lion rugs are the work of Baḵtiāri and Qašqāʾi tribes in southwest Iran and were woven during the 19th and 20th centuries.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ḴAMSA TRIBE

  Pierre Oberling

  a tribal confederacy formed in the 19th century comprising five large tribes in Fārs province.

• IRAQ

  Multiple Authors

  the southern part of Mesopotamia, known in the early Islamic period as del-e Irānšahr (lit. “the heart of the kingdom of Iran”), served as the central province of the Sasanian empire as well as that of the ʿAbbasid caliphate.

• ḴĀTUN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a title of high-born women in the pre-modern Turkish and Persian worlds.

• MONGOLS ii. Mongolian Loanwords in Persian

  Michael Knüppel

  early Turkic and Mongolian have many common features that were occasionally interpreted as indications to a genetic relationship between the two language families.

• GABAIN, ANNEMARIE VON

  Peter Zieme

  Von Gabain was particularly interested in the question of the extent to which the religious ideas of the Central Asian peoples had been influenced by Zoroastrianism or other Iranian beliefs, and this perspective is reflected in several of her publications.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ḠOZZ

  Peter B. Golden, C. Edmund Bosworth

  a significant Turkic tribe in western Eurasia in the 5th century.

• BAHĀRVAND

  P. Oberling

  a Lur tribe now living mostly in the dehestāns (districts) of Kargāh and Bālā Garīva, south and southwest of Ḵorramābād.  

• KHAGAN

  Étienne de la Vaissière

  a title that entered Persian and was used by medieval Muslim historians in reference to various rulers.

• KANGARLU

  P. OBERLING

  a Turkic tribe of Azerbaijan and the Qom-Verāmin region of central Persia. 

• GRANTOVSKIĬ, EDVIN ARVIDOVICH

  Mohammad Dandamayev

  Grantovskiĭ specialized in the history of ancient Iranian tribes (especially the Medes, Persians and Scythians) and their civilizations. His research was based on Akkadian and Urartian inscriptions, Iranian texts, and classical sources  and on evidence of archaeology, ethnography, and folklore.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• KOLUKJĀNLU

  Pierre Oberling

  a Kurdish tribe in the Ḵalḵāl region of eastern Azerbaijan.

• CARPETS xvi. Central Asian Carpets

  Walter Denny

  These include those woven in the former Turkmen, Uzbek, Tajik, Karakalpak Autonomous, Kirgiz, and Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republics; extreme northern and northeastern Persia; Afghanistan; and the Turkic (Uighur) areas of Sinkiang (Xinjiang) in western China.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (6) in Islamic Iran

  Gernot Windfuhr

  The non-Iranian languages spoken today in Iran include members of the following language families: (1) Altaic, (2) Afro-Asiatic Semitic, (3) Indo-European, (4) Caucasian (5) Dravidian.

• BAHMAʾĪ

  P. Oberling

  a Lur tribe of the Kohgīlūya (Kūh[-e] Gīlūya).  

• DARRAŠŪRĪ

  Pierre Oberling

  one of the five major tribes of the Qašqāʾī tribal confederation.

• BAHĀRLŪ

  P. Oberling

  a Turkic tribe of Azerbaijan, Khorasan, Kermān, and Fārs.  

• FĀRSĪMADĀN

  Pierre Oberling

  one of the most important tribes of the Qašqāʾī tribal confederacy.

• DAWLATḴĒL

  Daniel Balland

  tribal name common among the eastern Pashtun at various levels of tribal segmentation.

• BĀWĪYA

  J. Perry

  a Shiʿite tribe of Ḵūzestān. They range east and south of Ahvāz, between the Kārūn and Jarrāḥī rivers, to the south of Band-e Qīr and north of Māred.

• ʿABD-AL-MALEKĪ

  P. Oberling

  a Lek tribe of Māzandarān.

• ḤAYĀT-DĀWUDI

  Pierre Oberling

  a sedentary Lor tribe dwelling in the dehestān of Ḥayāt-dāwūd, stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Māhur-e Mīlāti mountains, northwest of Bušehr.

• BAYĀT-E TORK

  M. Caton

  a musical system (āvāz, naḡma) and one of the branches of the modal system (dastgāh) of Šūr in traditional classical music.

• KEYVĀNLU TRIBE

  Pierre Oberling

  a Kudish tribe of Khorasan. It was one of those Kurdish tribes that Shah ʿAbbās I forced to migrate from western Persia around 1600 for the purpose of fighting off the incursions of the Uzbeks.

• ʿARAB

  Multiple Authors

  As two of the most prominent ethnic elements in the Middle East, Arabs and Iranians have been in contact with each other, and at times have had their fortunes intertwined, for some three millennia. 

• DEH-BOKRĪ

  Pierre Oberling

  Kurdish tribe of Kurdistan.

• FARHANG-E JAHĀNGĪRĪ

  Solomon Bayevsky

  It took Ḥosayn Enjū twelve years to complete his dictionary (1005-17/1595-1608), which he named in honor of Jahāngīr. He produced a second edition in 1032/1622. The dictionary lists 9,830 words: 8,960 Persian; 630 Arabic; 140 Indian; and about a hundred entries of Turkic and Greek origin as well as words from various dialects.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY ii. LANGUAGE

  Michael Knüppel

  Qašqāʾi is a language of southwestern or Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, spoken in the Iranian provinces of Hamadan and Fārs, especially in the region to the north of Shiraz.

• BOZKAŠĪ

  G. Whitney Azoy

  (lit. “goat-dragging”), an equestrian folk game played by Turkic groups in Central Asia. Its origins are obscure; quite probably the game first developed as a recreational extension of livestock raiding.

• GUKLĀN

  Pierre Oberling

  Turkmen tribal confederacy of the Gorgān region in northeastern Persia, the district of Qara Qalʿa in Turkmenistan, and the Ḵiva region in Uzbekistan.

• ḴALAJ ii. Ḵalaji Language

  Michael Knüppel

  spoken by the Ḵalaj tribe, in the 1960s and 1970s numbering approximately 20,000 people.

• AḤMAD TABRĪZĪ

  İ. Aka

  Persian poet (first half of the 8th/14th century).

• PHRAORTES

  I. Medvedskaya

  the second king of the Median dynasty. All information about him is from Herodotus.

• MANGHITS

  ANKE VON KÜGELGEN

  self-denomination of Mongol and Turkic tribes which played an eminent role in the Golden Horde.

• KURDISH TRIBES

  Pierre Oberling

  Kurdish tribes are found throughout Persia, eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq, but very few comprehensive lists of them have been published.

• ʿABD-AL-ḴĀN

  P. Oberling

  an Arab tribe of Ḵūzestān, it was originally affiliated with the Bani Lām tribal confederacy and resided in the region of ʿAmāra, in present-day Iraq.

• AFŠĀR

  P. Oberling

  one of the 24 original Ḡuz Turkic tribes.

• IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) Kassite

  Gernot Windfuhr

  The Kassites, Akkadian Kaššu, were mountain tribes probably somewhere in the central Zagros who ruled Babylon from the sixteenth to the middle of the twelfth century BCE.

• IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (9) Arabic

  Gernot Windfuhr

  Most extensive was the Arab settlement in eastern Iran and Greater Khorasan (including northwestern Afghanistan, and Central Asia, including Marv and Bukhara).

• CAUCASUS ii. Language contact

  Fridrik Thordarson

  Languages of the Caucasus. Including Caucasian (or Ibero-Caucasian), Turkic, Indo-European, Iranian languages, Kurdish, Tati, Ṭāleši, Ossetic, and others.
  

• BRĀHMĪ

  Douglas A. Hitch

  Indian script used for a variety of languages in Chinese Turkestan, including Iranian languages. From the Tarim Basin (Xinjiang, China) we have first-millennium documents in Brāhmī script in several Iranian languages.

• QEPČĀQ

  Peter B. Golden

  a loosely-held union of Turkic tribes (ca. 1030-1237) deriving from the Kimek state and tribes, who came into western and central Eurasian steppes from the east.

• JAPAN viii. SAFAVID STUDIES IN JAPAN

  Masashi Haneda

  The genesis of Safavid studies in Japan was an outgrowth of the interest in the history of the Mongols and the Turkic people, which is a significant point characterizing Safavid studies there.

• APARNA

  P. Lecoq

  (Gk. Aparnoi/Parnoi, Lat. Aparni or Parni), an east Iranian tribe established on the Ochos (modern Taǰen, Teǰend) and one of the three tribes in the confederation of the Dahae.

• ASII

  F. Thordarson

  (or ASIANI), an ancient nomadic people of Central Asia, who about 130 B.C. put an end to Greek rule in Bactria.

• CENTRAL ASIA xiii. Iranian Languages

  Ivan M. Steblin-Kamenskij

  Central Asia was the ancient homeland of the Iranians and therefore also of the Iranian languages.

• ĀSTARKĪ

  J. Qāʾem-Maqāmī

  (or AŠTARKĪ), one sub-tribe of the six which presently constitute the Dūrkī tribe of the Haft Lang confederation of the Baḵtīārī people.

• ČAHĀR DOWLĪ

  Pierre Oberling

  (Davālī), or ČĀR DOWLĪ, a tribe of western Iran.

• ḠĪĀṮ AL-LOḠĀT

  Solomon Bayevsky

  lit. "Aid in [the explication of] vocabulary," punning on the author’s name; a Persian dictionary compiled in India in 1827 by the linguist, philologist, and poet Moḥammad Ḡiāṯ- al-Din b. Jamāl-al-Din b. Jamāl-al-Din b. Šaraf-al-Din Rāmpuri Moṣṭafā-ābādi.

• AYMĀQ

  A. Janata

  (Turk. Oymaq), a term designating tribal peoples in Khorasan and Afghanistan, mostly semi-nomadic or semi-sedentary, in contrast to the fully sedentary, non-tribal population of the area.