Search Results for “emirate of armenia”

• ARMENIA AND IRAN

  Multiple Authors

  series of articles that covers Irano-Armenian relations in pre-modern times. 

• BOḠRĀ KHAN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  ABŪ MŪSĀ HĀRŪN, the first Qarakhanid khan to invade the Samanid emirate from the steppes to the north in the 990s.

• EKEŁEACʿ

  James Russell

  Gk. Akilisēnē, region along the Euphrates in northwest Armenia.

• ARMINA

  Cross-Reference

  See ARMENIA AND IRAN i.

• BARḠAŠI, ABU’L MOẒAFFAR MOḤAMMAD b. EBRAHIM

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier to two of the last Samanid Amirs of Transoxiana and Khorasan. 

• ANŪŠERVĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  B. MANŪČEHR B. QĀBŪS, ruler of the Daylamī dynasty of the Ziyarids in Ṭabarestān and Gorgān during the early 11th century.

• ARTOXARES

  M. Dandamayev

  a Paphlagonian eunuch at the court of Artaxerxes I and satrap of Armenia.

• ARTABAZANES

  C. J. Brunner

  autonomous ruler of Armenia who submitted to the Seleucid king Antiochus III in 220 B.C., when the latter invaded his country.

• ERUANDAŠAT

  Robert H. Hewsen

  a city in Armenia located on a rocky hill at the juncture of the Akhurean and Araxes rivers.

• ARA THE BEAUTIFUL

  J. R. Russell

  son of Aram, mythical king of Armenia.  

• BAGAYAṞIČ

  R. H. Hewsen

  site of the great temple of Mihr (Mithras), one of the eight principal pagan shrines of pre-Christian Armenia, traditionally built by Tigranes II the Great (r. 95-56 B.C.).

• DĀʿĪ BOḴĀRĪ

  Cathérine Poujol

  (d. 1885), poet from Bukhara, probably born during the reign of Amir Naṣr-Allāh (1827-60).

• BAGAWAN (2)

  R. H. Hewsen

  an ancient locality in central Armenia situated at the foot of Mount Npat (Gk. Niphates, Turk. Tapa-seyd) in the principality of Bagrewand west of modern Diyadin.

• ANUŠAWAN

  J. R. Russell

  grandson of Ara, legendary king of Armenia, called sawsanuēr “devoted to the plane tree.”

• ARMAVIR

  R. H. Hewsen

  one of the capitals of ancient Armenia.

• MOSES OF CHORENE

  Cross-Reference

  (5th century), priest and bishop, to whom is attributed the work, History of Armenia (Patmut‘iwn Hayoc‘); see MOVSĒS XORENAC‘I.

• ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ḎUʾL-QADAR

  R. M. Savory

  early 9th/15th century ruler of Maṛʿaš and Albestān in the kingdom of Little Armenia, east of the Taurus mountains. 

• DAYEAKUTʿIWN

  Robert G. Bedrosian

  a form of child rearing practiced in Armenia and other parts of the Caucasus.

• AŠTIŠAT

  M. Van Esbroeck

  religious center of pagan Armenia and first official Christian see.

• AVARAYR

  R. Hewsen

  a village in Armenia in the principality of Artaz southeast of the Iranian town of Mākū.

• ARMENIA and IRAN i. Armina, Achaemenid province

  R. Schmitt

  a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid empire; the inhabitants are called Arminiya- “Armenian.” 

• DAYSAM

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  b. Ebrāhīm KORDĪ, ABŪ SĀLEM, Kurdish commander who ruled sporadically in Azerbaijan between 938 and 955 after the period of Sajid domination there.

• ARTSRUNI

  C. Toumanoff

  one of the most important princely families of Armenia, an offshoot of the Orontids, Achaemenian satraps and subsequently kings of Armenia, but claiming descent from Sennacherib of Assyria.

• BĀBĀN

  W. Behn

  (or Baban), Kurdish princely family in Solaymānīya, ruling an area in Iraqi Kurdistan and western Iran (17th—19th centuries) and actively involved in the Perso-Ottoman struggles.

• ABRAHAM OF EREVAN

  George A. Bournoutian

  the author of a history of the wars in Armenian at the time of Nāder Shah Afšār.

• ARTAVASDES

  R. Schmitt

  Old Iranian male personal name.

• ARTAXIAS I

  J. Russell

  reigned 189-160 B.C., founder of the Artaxiad dynasty in Greater Armenia.

• AṘAKʿEL OF TABRĪZ

  A. K. Sanjian

   Armenian historian, born at Tabrīz in the 1590s, died at Etchmiadzin in Armenia in 1670.

• ARTAXATA

  R. H. Hewsen

  a city of ancient Armenia founded ca. 176 B.C. by King Artaxias I.A

• ATRUŠAN

  J. R. Russell

  the Armenian word for “fire temple,” a loan-word from Parthian.

• ʿABDĪ BOḴĀRĀʾĪ

  M. Zand

  (d. 1921-22), Tajik taḏkeranevīs (biographer) and poet.

• AMATUNI

  C. Toumanoff

  Armenian dynastic house, known historically after the 4th century CE.

• Armenians in India

  Cross-Reference

  See JULFA v. Armenians in India.

• HADRIAN

  Ernst Badian

  (Publius Aelius Hadrianus), Roman emperor 117-38. He abandoned the Parthian War and the provinces east of the Euphrates that had been instituted by Trajan but never securely held. He permanently renounced any intervention in Armenia and Parthia.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• IRAN-NAMEH

  Vahe Boyajian

  journal of Oriental studies, founded in Yerevan, Armenia, in May 1993 as a scholarly monthly publication in the Armenian language.

• Bahrām III

  O. Klíma

  the sixth Sasanian king, son of Bahrām II ruled for four months.

• CUPBEARER

  James R. Russel

  one who fills and distributes cups of wine, as in a royal household.

• BAGARAN

  R. H. Hewsen

  (lit. “the god’s place”; Turk. Pakran), a town founded by the Armenian King Orontes (Eruand) II (ca. 212-ca. 200 B.C.) to house the images of the gods and the royal ancestors.

• ABRAHAM OF CRETE

  George A. Bournoutian

  (Kretatsʾi; b. Kandia, Crete, ?- d. Ejmiatsin, 18 April 1737), a leader of the Armenian Church and the author of a chronicle about Nāder Shah Afšār.

• AGATHANGELOS

  R. W. Thomson

  (Greek for “messenger of good news”), the supposed author of a History of the Armenians, which describes the conversion of King Trdat of Armenia to Christianity at the beginning of the 4th century CE.

• ANĒRĀN

  Ph. Gignoux

  “non-Iran,” Middle Persian ethno-linguistic term generally used pejoratively to denote a political and religious enemy of Iran and Zoroastrianism.  

• EKRĀMĪ, JALĀL

  J. Bečka

  or Jalol Ikromī (1909-93), considered to be Tajikistan’s most important fiction writer and playwright of the Soviet period.

• CAMBYSENE

  Marie Louise Chaumont

  Whether or not Cambysene was part of the Achaemenid Empire is unknown. When the Artaxid dynasty of Armenia was at the peak of its power this region was one of its provinces or districts; it remained so until it was conquered by the Albanians, probably after the defeat of Tigranes the Great in 69 b.c.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ARSACIDS

  Multiple Authors

  (Persian Aškānīān), Parthian dynasty which ruled Iran from about 250 BCE to about 226 CE.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• BAMPUR ia. PREHISTORIC SITE (Continued)

  Daniel T. Potts

  Since Beatrice de Cardi’s excavations in 1966 (de Cardi, 1968; idem, 1970) no new work has taken place there. Nevertheless, objects recovered at Bampur in the 1960s can now be better dated and understood, thanks to discoveries in recent years at sites in Central Asia, the Indo-Iranian borderlands, and southeastern Arabia..

• DOMAN

  Erich Kettenhofen

  city in the Roman province of Cappadocia, conquered along with the surrounding area by the Sasanian Šāpūr I (240-70) during his second campaign against Rome.

• ARMIN

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  the fourth son of Kay Qobād in certain texts of the Šāh-nāma.

• MAMIKONEAN FAMILY

  Nina Garsoian

  the most distinguished family in Early Christian Armenia after the ruling Arsacid house. Their power survived the fall of the dynasty in 428 and began to wane only from the end of the 6th century.

• AYRARAT

  R. H. Hewsen

  region of central Armenia in the broad plain of the upper Araxes.

• ORONTES

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  Old Iranian name, attested only in Greek forms, carried by several personages of the Achaemenid period.

• APPIANUS

  M. L. Chaumont

  (APPIAN) OF ALEXANDRIA, historian, born probably toward the end of the 1st century CE.

• IL-KHANIDS

  Multiple Authors

  the Mongol dynasty in Persia and the surrounding countries, from about 1260 until about 1335. The dynasty was founded by Holāgu/Hülegü Khan, the grandson of Čengiz Khan.

• ARSACIDS vii. The Arsacid dynasty of Armenia

  C. Toumanoff

  Third dynasty of Armenia, from the first to the mid-fifth century. Arsacid rule brought about an intensification of the political and cultural influence of Iran in Armenia.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• YAZIDIS ii. INITIATION IN YAZIDISM

  Philip G. Kreyenbroek

  Three different rites can mark the initiation of a Yazidi child as a member of the community.

• AMESTRIS

  R. Schmitt

  no. 4. Niece of of Darius III, d. ca. 280 BCE. She was married to the Macedonian general Craterus, then to the tyrant Dionysius in Bithynia, and to Lysimachus, king of Thrace, before ruling alone in Paphlagonia.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ʿAJĀʾEB AL-DONYĀ

  L. P. Smirnova

  (“Wonders of the world” or “Wonderful things”), title of a Persian geography.

• SMBAT BAGRATUNI

  N. Garsoian

  distinguished Armenian prince and head of the Bagratid house at the turn of the 6th to the 7th century.

• AMIRDOVLATʿ AMASIATSʿI

  Avedis K. Sanjian

  (b. Amasya ca. 1420/25; d. Bursa, 1496), Armenian physician at the Ottoman court and author of Angitats Anpet, an encyclopedic polyglot in six languages including Persian.

• BURDAR

  James R. Russell

  Pahl. burdār “carrier, sustainer,  bringer,” attested in Armenian as a proper name. 

• EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA

  Philip Huyse

  (260-339), Greek ecclesiastical historian and theologian.

• ANTONY, MARK

  M. L. Chaumont

  Roman general (ca. 82-30 B.C.). Following the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae (Ḥarrān) in 53 B.C., the Roman leadership sought a war of revenge. Mark Antony became master of the East through a pact with Octavian (the future Augustus)  in 40 B.C., he began preparations for a campaign against the Parthians.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• NAXARAR

  N. Garsoian

  term given to the para-feudal, social pattern that early Armenia apparently shared with Parthian Iran, although it was preserved into the Sasanian period and beyond.

• ʿABBĀSĀBĀD

  Kamran Ekbal

  The fortress built in 1810 by ʿAbbās Mīrzā on the northern bank of the Araxes river; it commanded the passage of the Araxes and was of special strategic importance for the defense of the Naḵjavān khanate.

• DADARSIS

  Muhammad A. Dandamayev

  Old Persian name derived from darš “to dare”; three men with this name are known.

• SHADDADIDS

  Andrew Peacock

  Caucasian dynasty of Kurdish origin reigning from about 950 until 1200, first in Dvin and Ganja, later in Ani.

• KAMSARAKAN

  C. Toumanoff

  Armenian noble family that was an offshoot of the Kāren Pahlav, one of the seven great houses of Iran claiming Arsacid origin.

• DARIUS vii. Parthian Princes

  Rudiger Schmitt

  In 64 B.C.E. while his father, Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus (ca. 121/20-63 B.C.E.), was fighting his last, losing campaign against the troops of the Roman general Pompey (106-48 B.C.E.), the child Darius was taken prisoner, along with several brothers and his sister Eupatra, in Phanagoria

• ABRAHAMIAN, ROUBEN

  Jennifer Manoukian

  Armenian Iranist, linguist, and translator. One of the first teachers of Pahlavi language at University of Tehran.

• EZNIK OF KOŁB

  James R. Russell

  or KOŁBACʿI (b. ca. 374-80), Armenian Christian theologian and cleric; his work contains a refutation of the Zoroastrian religion. 

• ḠĀVĀL

  Jean During

  or daf; the most widespread percussion instrument in the Republic of Azerbaijan, played as much in artistic as in popular music and professional ensembles.

• DIO CASSIUS

  Marie Louise Chaumont

  (more correctly, Cassius Dio; b. Nicea, Bithynia, ca. 160, d. Nicea, after 229), Roman official whose Rhomaikē Historia is important for the study of Parthian history.

• SEBEOS

  James Howard-Johnston

  a seventh-century Armenian historian. The Armenian history traditionally attributed to Sebeos is an important source for the history of the Sasanian empire from the last years of Hormozd IV to the death of Yazdegerd III. 

• ARMENIA and IRAN v. Accounts of Iran in Armenian sources

  M. Van Esbroeck

  Since Armenian writing itself begins only around 430, almost forty years after the disappearance of the Armenian Arsacid empire, the historians who write of Arsacid or earlier events belong to a later era.

• ŁAZAR PʿARPECʿI

  Gohar Muradyan

  late 5th century Armenian historian.

• ASPET

  C. Toumanoff

  Armenian title.

• HAYTON

  Peter Jackson

  an Armenian prince, lord of the city of Gorighos in Cilicia, and nephew of King Hetʿum I; he was exiled by his cousin King Hetʿum II and lived as a monk in Cyprus before moving to Poitiers in France, where in 1307 he composed a treatise commissioned by Pope Clement V outlining the conduct of a crusade.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ASB iv. In Afghanistan

  C. E. Bosworth

  horses and horsemanship in Afghanistan.

   

• CARUS

  Fridrik Thordarson

  Imperator Caesar MARCUS AURELIUS (Augustus), Roman emperor (r. 282-83).

• ARSACIDS iv. Arsacid religion

  M. Boyce

  It may reasonably be assumed that, at least from the time they seized power, the Arsacids were professed Zoroastrians.

• ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN SARDĀR-E IRAVĀNI

  George A. Bournoutian

  important governor in the early Qajar period (b. ca. 1742, d. 1831).

• GANJA

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (Ar. Janza), the Islamic name of a town in the early medieval Islamic province of Arrān (the classical Caucasian Albania, Armenian Alvankʿ).

• KURDOEV, QENĀTĒ

  Joyce Blau

  (1909-1985), Kurdish philologist and university professor.

• AḴLĀṬ

  C. E. Bosworth, H. Crane

  a town and medieval Islamic fortress in eastern Anatolia.

• ARBĀYISTĀN

  G. Widengren

  name of a Mesopotamian province in the Sasanian empire.

• BEDLĪS

  Robert Dankoff

  (Turk. Bitlis, Arm. Bałēš, Ar. Badlīs), town and province of Turkey, of Kurdish population, situated twenty km southwest of Lake Van, commanding the passes between the Armenian highlands and the Mesopotamian lowlands.

• BAGRATIDS

  C. Toumanoff

  The partition of Armenia in 387 into an Iranian and a Roman vassal state, then the annexation of the Western kingdom by the Empire, and finally the abolition of the East Armenian Monarchy in 428 placed these princes in the necessity of choosing between the two rival imperial allegiances.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HYDARNES

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (Gk. Hydárnēs), rendering of the Old Persian male name Vidṛna held by several historical persons of the Achaemenid period.

• ĀZĀD (Iranian Nobility)

  M. L. Chaumont, C. Toumanoff

  (older ĀZĀT), a class of the Iranian nobility.

• ARBELA

  J. F. Hansman

  capital of an ancient northern Mesopotamian province located between the two Zab rivers.  

• Bahrām IV

  O. Klíma

  succeeded Šāpūr III; Prior to his accession, Bahrām was governor of Kermān and bore the title Kermān Šāh.

• NAḴJAVĀN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  the administrative center of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (NAR) with its own elected representative assembly, within the Republic of Azerbaijan but separated from it by Armenia.

• DVIN

  Erich Kettenhofen

  city in Armenia located north of Artaxata on the left bank of the Azat, about 35 km south of the present Armenian capital at Yerevan. It remained a significant center from the Sasanian period to the 13th century, and its pleasant climate was mentioned by many authors.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• PERSONAL NAMES, IRANIAN iv. PARTHIAN PERIOD

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  For the Parthian period there is no super-abundance of primary sources written in the official (Middle) Parthian administrative language.

• YAZDEGERD II

  Touraj Daryaee

  Sasanian king, whose reign is marked by wars with Byzantium in the west and the Hephthalites in the east.  He stayed in the east for some years fighting the nomadic tribes and is known for imposing Zoroastrianism in Armenia.

• ḤOḎEQ, JUNAYDOLLO MAḴDUM

  Keith Hitchins

  (ḤĀḎEQ, JONAYD-ALLĀH; b. mid-1780s; killed 1843), one of the leading Tajik poets of his time.

• AMIDA

  D. Sellwood and EIr

  Pers. Āmed (modern Dīārbakr), town situated on a plateau dominating the west bank of the upper Tigris.

• ASOŁIK

  Michel van Esbroeck

   “the singer,” the usual name of Stephen of Tarōn.

• AXSE

  M. L. Chaumont

  name of a Parthian hostage in Rome, inscribed in the dedication of an epitaph engraved on a marble plaque and discovered at the Forum Boarium in Rome.

• DUBAI

  Sussan Siavoshi

  (Dobayy), second largest of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) on the southern shores of the Persian Gulf.

• ARMENIA i. IMAGE OF PERSIANS IN

  Robert Thomson

  In the Sasanian period Armenians developed a self-awareness as Christians against the background of their earlier Iranian social and religious culture.