Search Results for “bosworth”

• ABŪ SAHL ḴOJANDĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier of the Ghaznavids in the 5th/11th century. 

• ʿALĪ B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH ṢĀDEQ

  C. E. Bosworth

  ABU’L ḤASAN (d. ca. 1040), Ghaznavid military commander under Sultan Masʿūd I.

• ABU’L-FATḤ YŪSOF

  C. E. Bosworth

  Ghaznavid vizier of the early 6th/12th century.

• ABŪ BAKR B. ABĪ ṢĀLEḤ

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier of the Ghaznavids in the 5th/11th century.

• FARROḴZĀD, ABŪ ŠOJĀʿ

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  b. Masʿūd b. Maḥmūd, Ghaznavid sultan of Afghanistan and northern India (r. 1052-59).

• ʿABD-AL-RAZZĀQ b. AḤMAD b. ḤASAN MEYMANDI

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier to the Ghaznavid sultans Mawdud b. Masʿud and ʿAbd-al-Rašid b. Maḥmud, remaining in official service under the latter’s successor Farroḵzād b. Masʿud.

• ASAD B. SĀMĀNḴODĀ

  C. E. Bosworth

  ancestor of the Samanid dynasty.

• ʿĀBEDĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a landowner (dehqān) of Transoxania (12th century).

• ʿABD-AL-ḤAMID b. AḤMAD b. ʿABD-AL-ṢAMAD ŠIRĀZI

  C. E. Bosworth

  long-serving vizier to the Ghaznavid sultans Ebrāhim b. Masʿud (r. 451-92/1059-99) and his son Masʿud III (r. 492-508/1199-1215).

• AḤMAD B. ASAD

  C. E. Bosworth

  (d. 250/864), early member of the Samanid family and governor of Farḡāna under the ʿAbbasids and Taherids.

• EBN MORSAL, LAYṮ

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  b. Fażl, a client (mawlā) and governor of Sīstān 815-19.

• ANBARĪĀN FAMILY

  C. E. Bosworth

  a distinguished family of officials, littérateurs, ʿolamāʾ, and traditionists from Bayhaq (modern Sabzavār).

• QOFṢ

  C. E. Bosworth

  the Arabised form of Kufiči, lit. “mountain dweller,” the name of a people of southeastern Iran found in the Islamic historians and geographers of the 10th-11th centuries.

• AḤMAD B. MOḤAMMAD B. ṬĀHER

  C. E. Bosworth

  governor in Ḵᵛārazm and son of the last Tahirid governor in Khorasan. 

• AMĪR ḤARAS

  C. E. Bosworth

  (AMĪR-E ḤARAS) “commander of the guard,” the official at the court of the ʿAbbasid caliphs and at certain of its provincial successor states who was directly responsible for policing the palace and for carrying out the caliph’s wishes.

• ĀB-E ĪSTĀDA

  C. E. Bosworth

  “Still water,” a salt lake in the province of Ḡazna in modern Afghanistan, lying 30 km southeast of the present Ḡazna-Kandahār highway and 100 km south of Ḡazna itself.

• ABŪ ʿALĪ AḤMAD B. ŠĀḎĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  governor (ʿamīd) of Balḵ and northern Afghanistan under the Saljuq ruler of Khorasan, Čaḡrī Beg Dāʾūd, and then under his son, Alp Arslan.

• ABU’L-QĀSEM ʿALĪ B. ḤASAN

  C. E. Bosworth

  Vizier to the atabeg of Lorestān Šams-al-dawla Ḡāzī Beg Aydoḡmuš (7th/13th century).

• ʿANBARĪ, ABU’L-ʿABBĀS

  C. E. Bosworth

  4th-5th/10th-11th century poet and prose stylist of Khorasan and statesman in the service of the Qarakhanids.

• EBN BĀBĀ KĀŠĀNĪ (Qāšānī), ABU’L-ʿABBĀS

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (d. Marv, 1116-17), Persian writer and boon-companion (nadīm), whose manual for courtiers preserves otherwise lost information on the later Ghaznavids.

• ʿALĪʾ-AL-DĪN ATSÏZ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a late and short-reigned sultan of the Ghurid dynasty in Afghanistan (607-11/1210-14).

• BILGETIGIN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  Turkish name associated with personalities before and during the Ghaznavid period.

• AMĪRAK BAYHAQĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  (d. 448/1056), intelligence officer in Khorasan under the early Ghaznavids.

• ANŪŠERVĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  B. MANŪČEHR B. QĀBŪS, ruler of the Daylamī dynasty of the Ziyarids in Ṭabarestān and Gorgān during the early 11th century.

• FATḤ-NĀMA

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  Arabic-Persian term used to denote proclamations and letters announcing victories in battle or the successful conclusion of military campaigns.

• ʿALĪ B. IL-ARSLAN QARĪB

  C. E. Bosworth

  or ḴᵛĪŠĀVAND, ZAʿĪM-AL-ḤOJJĀB, Turkish military commander of the early Ghaznavids Maḥmūd, Moḥammad and Masʿūd I.

• ABHARĪ, KAMĀL-AL-DĪN

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier of the last two Great Saljuq sultans in western Persia.

• ʿALĪ B. MASʿŪD

  C. E. Bosworth

  [I], BAHĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ABU’L-ḤASAN, Ghaznavid sultan, reigned briefly ca. 1048-49.

• ABŪ AḤMAD B. ABĪ BAKR KĀTEB

  C. E. Bosworth

  poet and official of the Samanids, fl. first half of the 4th/10th century.

• ABU’L-FAŻL TĀJ-AL-DĪN

  C. E. Bosworth

  amir of the line of later Saffarids, sometimes called the third dynasty of Saffarids and, by a historian like Jūzǰānī, the “Maleks of Nīmrūz and Seǰestān.”

• ʿALĪ B. MAʾMŪN

  C. E. Bosworth

  ABU’L-ḤASAN, second Ḵᵛārazmšāh of the short-lived Maʾmunid dynasty in Ḵᵛārazm (r. 997-ca. 1008-09).

• ABU’L-ḤOSAYN KĀTEB

  C. E. Bosworth

  official of the Buyids and writer in Arabic of the 4th/10th century. 

• ABŪ NAṢR FĀRSĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Official, soldier and poet of the Ghaznavid empire, flourished in the second half of the 5th/11th century during the reigns of the sultans Ebrāhīm b. Masʿūd I and Masʿūd III b. Ebrāhīm.

• ARSANJĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a small town in Fārs on the northeastern fringes of the Zagros mountain massif.  

• BÖRI

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  or Böritigin,  name of a Turkish commander in Ḡazna and of the ruler of the western branch of the Qarakhanid dynasty of Transoxania.

• ESMĀʿĪL, b. Seboktegīn

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  Ghaznavid prince and briefly amir in Ḡazna in 997-98.

• AḤMAD INALTIGIN

  C. E. Bosworth

  Turkish commander and rebel under the early Ghaznavid sultan Masʿūd I (421-32/1030-41), d. 426/1035.

• ʿALĪ B. ḤARB

  C. E. Bosworth

  (or ʿAlī b. ʿOṯmān b. Ḥarb), ephemeral Saffarid amir of the so-called “third Saffarid dynasty”.

• ABŪ ESḤĀQ EBRĀHĪM

  C. E. Bosworth

  governor of Ḡazna in eastern Afghanistan on behalf of the Samanids (352/963-355/966).

• DERHAM B. NAŻ

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  or Naṣr or Ḥosayn; commander of ʿayyārs or moṭawweʿa, orthodox Sunni vigilantes against the Kharijites in Sīstān during the period immediately preceding the rise of the Saffarid brothers to supreme power there.

• ĀŠTĪĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  the name both of an administrative subdistrict (dehestān) and its chef-lieu in the First Province (ostān).

• ʿABD-AL-ḤAMĪD B. AḤMAD

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier of the Ghaznavids in the late 5th/11th to early 6th/12th century. He is described as serving Sultan Ebrāhīm b. Masʿūd (451-92/1059-99).

• CEŠT

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a small settlement on the north bank of the Harirud and to the south of the Paropamisus range in northwestern Afghanistan, lying approximately 100 miles upstream from Herat in the easternmost part of the modern Herat welāyat or province.

• ABŪ NAṢR FĀMĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  (472-546/1079-1151), local historian of Herat in the Saljuq period.

• AḤMAD B. QODĀM

  C. E. Bosworth

  a military adventurer who temporarily held power in Sīstān during the confused years following the collapse of the first Saffarid amirate and the military empire of ʿAmr b. Layṯ in 287/900.

• ʿALĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿALĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Ghurid malek and later sultan, reigned in Ḡūr from Fīrūzkūh as the last of his family there before the extinction of the dynasty by the Ḵᵛārazmšāhs, 599-602/1203-96 and 611-12/1214-15. 

• ANĀRAK

  C. E. Bosworth

  a baḵš and its town on the southern fringes of the Dašt-e Kavīr.

• AḤMAD ḴOJESTĀNĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  military commander in 3rd/9th century Khorasan, one of several contenders for authority in the region after the collapse of Taherid rule had left a power vacuum, d. 268/882.

• ABŪ ʿALĪ DĀMḠĀNĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  vizier of the Samanids in the last years of their power.

• DANDĀNQĀN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a small town of medieval Khorasan, in the Qara Qum, or sandy desert, between Marv and Saraḵs, 10 farsaḵs from the former, on which it was administratively dependent.

• ʿABD-AL-MALEK B. NŪḤ

  C. E. Bosworth

  the penultimate ruler of the Samanid dynasty in Khorasan and Transoxania, r. 389/999.

• ḴOSROWŠĀH B. BAHRĀMŠĀH

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  penultimate ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty, apparently still in Ghazna until the dynasty found its last home at Lahore in northwestern India at a date around or soon after the time of his death.

• BABAN

  C. E. Bosworth

  (or Bavan), a small town in the medieval Islamic province of Bāḏḡīs, to the north and west of Herat.

• ʿABD-AL-MALEK B. NŪḤ B. NAṢR

  C. E. Bosworth

  ruler of the Samanid dynasty in Transoxania and Khorasan, 343-350/954-61.

• EBRĀHĪM ĪNĀL

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  or Yenāl (d. 1059), early Saljuq leader.

• ʿABD-AL-RAZZĀQ MAYMANDĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Ghaznavid vizier of the middle years of the 5th/11th century.

• BOḠRĀ KHAN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  ABŪ MŪSĀ HĀRŪN, the first Qarakhanid khan to invade the Samanid emirate from the steppes to the north in the 990s.

• BANŪ SĀSĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a name frequently applied in medieval Islam to beggars, rogues, charlatans, and tricksters of all kinds, allegedly so called because they stemmed from a legendary Shaikh Sāsān.

• ʿAMĪD, ABŪ ʿABDALLĀH

  C. E. Bosworth

  known as Kolah (said to be an opprobrious term), secretary and official in northern Persia and Transoxania during the 4th/10th century.

• ḤĀJEB

  C. Edmund Bosworth, Rudi Matthee

  administrative and then military office in the pre-modern Iranian world.

• EBN ḴARMĪL

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  early 13th century military commander of the Ghurids, and connected, according to Jūzjānī, with the district of Gorzevān on the headwaters of the Morḡāb in the province of Gūzgān in northern Afghanistan.

• BEGTOḠDÏ

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  Turkish slave com­mander of the Ghaznavid sultans Maḥmūd and Masʿūd (d. 1040).

• ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (II)

  C. E. Bosworth

  member of the Dailamite dynasty of the Kakuyids (d. 536/1141?).

• GOWHAR ḴĀTUN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a Saljuq princess who became the second wife of the Ghaznavid Sultan Masʿud III (r. 1099-1115).

• DAYR AL-ʿĀQŪL

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  lit., “the monastery at the bend in the river”; a medieval town in Iraq situated on the Tigris 15 farsangs (= 80 km) southeast of Baghdad.

• ʿALĪ B. FARĀMARZ

  C. E. Bosworth

  member of the Deylamī dynasty of the Kakuyids (d. 1095).

• ḠUR

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a region of central Afghanistan, essentially the modern administrative province (welāyat) of Ḡōrāt.

• HAZĀRASPIDS

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a local dynasty of Kurdish origin which ruled in the Zagros mountains region of southwestern Persia, essentially in Lorestān and the adjacent parts of Fārs, and which flourished in the later Saljuq, Il-khanid, Mozaffarid, and Timurid periods.

• ĀDĀB AL-ḤARB WA’L-ŠAJĀʿA

  C. E. Bosworth

  (“The correct usages of war and bravery”), a treatise in a straightforward Persian prose style in the “Mirror for Princes” genre, written by Faḵr-al-dīn Moḥammad b. Manṣūr Mobārakšāh, called Faḵr-e Modabber.

• MASʿUD (III) B. EBRĀHIM

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  recorded on his coins with various other honorifics. He seems to have had generally peaceful relations with his western neighbors, the Great Saljuqs.

• ṬURĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  (ṬOVARĀN), the mediaeval Islamic name for the mountainous district of east-central Baluchistan lying to the north of the mediaeval coastal region of Makrān, what was in recent centuries, until 1947, the Aḥmadzay Khanate of Kalat.

• ANŪŠTIGIN ḠARČAʾĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Turkish slave commander of the Saljuqs; in the late 11th century, he bore the traditional title of Ḵᵛārazmšāh.

• OSTOVĀ

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  rural district (rostāq) of northern Khorasan, considered in medieval Islamic times to be an administrative dependency of Nišāpur.

• EBN ABĪ ṬĀHER ṬAYFŪR, ABU’L-FAŻL AḤMAD

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (819-93), littérateur (adīb) and historian of Baghdad, of a Khorasani family.

• ʿEZZ-AL-DAWLA, ʿABD-al-RAŠĪD

  C. E. Bosworth

  See ʿABD-AL-RAŠĪD, ABŪ MANṢŪR.

• ABU’L-ʿALĀʾ ʿAṬĀʾ

  C. E. Bosworth

  secretary and poet of the Ghaznavid period, d. 491/1098.

• BARSḴĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  or Barsḡān, a place in Central Asia, on the southern shores of the Ïsïq-Göl, in the region known as Semirechye or Yeti-su “the land of the seven rivers,” in what is now the Kyrgyz Republic.

• ARDAKĀN-E FĀRS

  C. E. Bosworth

  a small upland town of the ostān of Fārs.

• AḤRĀR

  C. E. Bosworth

  (or BANU’L-AḤRĀR), in Arabic literally “the free ones,” a name applied by the Arabs at the time of the Islamic conquests to their Persian foes in Iraq and Iran.

• ʿABD-AL-RAŠĪD, ABŪ MANṢŪR

  C. E. Bosworth

  Ghaznavid sultan, r. 441-44/1050-53.

• ANŪŠERVĀN KĀŠĀNĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  ABŪ NAṢR ŠARAF-AL-DĪN, high official who served the Great Saljuq sultans and the ʿAbbasid caliph during the first half of the 6th/12th century.

• MOḤAMMAD b. ʿABD-ALLAH

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (824/25-867), Abu’l -ʿAbbās, high official in Iraq and the central lands of the caliphate.

• ʿAMR B. YAʿQŪB

  C. E. Bosworth

  great-grandson of the co-founder of the Saffarid dynasty and ephemeral boy amir in Sīstān, 299-301/912-13.

• ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (I)

  C. E. Bosworth

  second son of the Kakuyid amir of Jebāl, ʿAlāʾ-al-dawla Moḥammad b. Došmanzīār, ruled in Hamadān and parts of what are now Kurdistan and Luristan, 433-37/1041-42 to 1045, d. 443/1051-52.

• BEGTUZUN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (Pers. Baktūzūn), a Turkish slave general of the Samanids prominent in the confused struggles for power during the closing years of the Samanid amirate (end of the 10th century).

• BĀFQ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a small oasis town of central Iran (altitude 1,004 m) on the southern fringe of the Dašt-e Kavīr, 100 km southeast of Yazd in the direction of Kermān.

• DĪNĀR, MALEK

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  b. Moḥammad (d. 1195), a leader of the Oghuz Turkmen in Khorasan and, in the latter years of the 12th century, ruler of Kermān.

• MAWDUD B. MASʿUD

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty, recorded on his coins with the honorifics Šehāb-al-Din wa’l-Dawla and Qoṭb-al-Mella.

• TERKEN ḴĀTUN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  title of the wife of the Khwarazmshah Tekiš b. Il-Arslān (r. 1172-1200) and mother of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad (r. 1200-20).

• ALPTIGIN

  C. E. Bosworth

  Turkish military slave commander of the Samanids and founder of Turkish power in eastern Afghanistan (d. 352/963).

• ABARQOBĀḎ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Ancient town of lower Iraq between Baṣra and Vāseṭ, to the east of the Tigris, in the region adjacent to Ahvāz, known in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times as Mēšūn (Mid. Pers. form) or Maysān/Mayšān (Syriac and Arabic forms).

• ʿOTBI

  C. E. Bosworth

  the family name of two viziers of the Samanids of Transoxiana and Khorasan.

• ḠĀYER KHAN

  Peter Jackson

  b. Tekeš (d. 1220), Turkish general of the Ḵᵛārazmšāh ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn Moḥammad.

• ḤAMZA B. ĀḎARAK

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  or Atrak or ʿAbd-Allāh Abu Ḵozayma (d. 828), Kharijite rebel in Sistān and Khorasan during early ʿAbbasid times.

• ḴĀṢṢ BEG

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  ARSLĀN B. PALANG-ERI, Turkish ḡolām who became the ḥājeb “chamberlain” and court favorite of the Great Saljuq Sultan Masʿud b. Moḥammad b. Malek Šāh (r. 1134-52).

• BAYTUZ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a Turkish commander who controlled the town of Bost in southern Afghanistan during the middle years of the 10th century.

• AḤMAD B. SAHL B. HĀŠEM

  C. E. Bosworth

  governor in Khorasan during the confused struggles for supremacy there between the Saffarids, Samanids, and various military adventures in the late 3rd/9th and early 4th/10th century, d. 307/920. 

• ABU’L-ḤASAN ESFARĀʾĪNĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  first vizier for the Ghaznavid sultan Maḥmūd (r. 388-421/998-1030). 

• BŪ ḤALĪM ŠAYBĀNĪ FAMILY

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (or Bāhalīm),  military commanders and governors in northern India under the later Ghaznavid sultans in the late 5th/11th and early 6th/12th centuries.

• FAḴR-AL-MOLK, ABU’L-FATḤ MOẒAFFAR

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  b. Neẓām al-Molk (1043-1106/7), eldest son of the great Saljuq vizier and himself vizier to the Saljuq sultans Barkīāroq (1092-1105) and Moḥammad b. Malekšāh (1105-18).