Table of Contents

• JELWA, ABU’L-ḤASAN

  Mahdi Khalaji

  b. Moḥammad Ṭabāṭabāʾi (1823-1897), a leading Shiʿite scholar and master teacher of philosophy and mathematics.

• JELWA, KETĀB AL-

  Philip Kreyenbroek

  (Kurd. Kitēba jilwe “the Book of splendor”), title of a notional sacred text in Yazidism.

• JEM SOLṬĀN

  Osman G. Özgüdenli

  (or Šāhzāda Jem, 1459-1495), Ottoman prince and poet.

• JEMĀLI

  Osman G. Özgüdenli

  Ottoman poet and writer of the 15th century.

• JEN-NĀMA

  Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar

  (The book of jinn, Sweden, 1998), the last novel of Hushang Golshiri, arguably his magnum opus.

• JENJĀN

  Daniel T. Potts

  coll. Jenjun, “Jinjun,” village in western Fārs, small archeological site of the Achaemenid period. 

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• JENKINSON, ANTHONY

  Stephan Schmuck

  (1529-1611), merchant and traveler. On 2 November 1562, he arrived in Qazvin, the seat of Shah Ṭahmāsp (r. 1524-76). But the shah did not wish to jeopardize his recently concluded peace with the Ottoman empire, so that Jenkinson was neither well received at court nor did he obtain the desired documents. In his writings, Jenkinson succinctly described his journeys to regions never before visited by English travelers.

• JENN

  cross-reference

  See GENIE.

• JÉQUIER, GUSTAVE

  Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam

  Swiss archeologist (1868-1946). He excavated hundreds of ancient artifacts at Susa. The most important among these was the third fragment of the Code of Hammurabi.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• JERGA

  M. Jamil Hanifi

  an assembly or council of local adult men, among the settled and nomadic Pashtun tribal communities of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

• JERUSALEM AND IRAN

  Hagith Sivan

  Twice Jerusalem came under Persian rule, the first time in the sixth century BCE, the second during the westward expansion of the Sasanian state in the early seventh century CE.

• JESUITS IN SAFAVID PERSIA

  Rudi Matthee

  The Fathers of the Society of Jesus were the first European missionaries to enter the Persian Gulf in the 16th century.

• JEVDET PASHA

  Osman G. Özgüdenli

  (1823-1895), Ottoman writer, historian, jurist, and statesman.

• JEVDET, ʿABD-ALLĀH

  Osman G.

  (1869-1932), Ottoman poet, writer, translator, and thinker.

• JEVRI, AHISKALI

  Osman G. Özgüdenli

  (1805-1875), Ottoman poet and translator, a professional soldier.

• JEVRI, EBRĀHIM ČELEBI

  Osman G.

  (d. 1654), Ottoman poet and calligrapher.

• JEWISH EXILARCHATE

  Jacob Neusner

  position of the head of the Jewish community in Babylonia in talmudic and medieval times, recognized in Sasanian times as an ethnarch, ruler of the ethnic group.

• JEWS OF IRAN

  cross-reference

  See JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES.

• JEYḤUNĀBĀDI

  Mojan Membrado

  , ḤĀJJ NEʿMAT-ALLĀH MOKRI (1871-1920), an influential mystic whose stated mission was to collect and record the previously oral traditions of the Ahl-e Ḥaqq.

• JEZYA

  Vera B. Moreen

  the poll or capitation tax levied on members of non-Muslim monotheistic faith communities (Jews, Christians, and, eventually, Zoroastrians), who fell under the protection (ḏemma) of Muslim Arab conquerors.