Table of Contents

• ḤOḎEQ, JUNAYDOLLO MAḴDUM

  Keith Hitchins

  (ḤĀḎEQ, JONAYD-ALLĀH; b. mid-1780s; killed 1843), one of the leading Tajik poets of his time.

• HODGSON, MARSHALL GOODWIN SIMMS

  Saïd Amir Arjomand

  (1922-1968), prominent scholar of Islamic civilization and professor of history and social thought at the University of Chicago.

• HODIVALA, SHAHPURSHAH HORMASJI DINSHAHJI

  Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

  (d. 1944), professor of literature, history, and political economy,  best known for his works on Parsi history and on numismatics.

• HODIVALA, SHAPURJI KAVASJI

  Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

  (1870-1931), scholar of Avestan and Zoroastrian studies.

• ḤODUD AL-ʿĀLAM

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a concise but very important Persian geography of the then known world, Islamic and non-Islamic, begun in 982-83 by an unknown author from the province of Guzgān (in northern Afghanistan).

• HOERNLE, AUGUSTUS FREDERIC RUDOLF

  Ursula Sims-Williams

  philologist of Indian languages and decipherer of Khotanese (1841-1918).

• HOFFMANN, KARL

  Johanna Narten

  Hoffmann was mainly interested in Indo-Iranian studies, which he did not conceive of as a mere combination of Indology and Iranian studies, but as a distinct subject comprising historical philology and comparative linguistics. His studies are essentially devoted to Vedic (in India) and to Avestan and Old Persian.

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• HOJIR

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  in traditional Iranian history, a hero who guarded the Dež-e Sapid “White Fort” on the border of Iran and Turān.

• ḤOJJAT

  Maria Dakake

  (“proof or argument”), a term used as: (1) a line of argument in debate; (2) designation of the Shiʿite Imams;  (3) an epithet of the Twelfth Imam; (4) a high official in the Ismaʿili missionary activities

• ḤOJJAT-AL-ESLĀM

  Hamid Algar

  (lit. Proof of Islam), a title awarded to Shiʿite scholars, originally as an honorific but later as a means of indicating their status in the hierarchy of the learned.