Table of Contents

  • FARMĀNFARMĀ, MAḤMŪD KHAN NĀṢER-AL-MOLK

    ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN NAVĀʿĪ

    (b. ca. 1828-29; d. Tehran, 1887), high-ranking official in the reign of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1848-96).

  • FARMING

    Mohammad-Said Nouri Naini

    in Persia. In the mid-1990s Persian agriculture accounted for over 25 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 25 percent of employment, and 33 percent of non-oil exports. It also met 75 percent of domestic food requirements and 90 percent of the needs of agricultural industries in the country.

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  • FARNAH

    Cross-reference

    See FARR(AH).

  • FARNŪDSĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See NAẒEM-AL-AṬEBBĀʾ.

  • FARŌḴŠI

    Mary Boyce and Firoze Kotwal

    the name of a Zoroastrian ceremony for departed souls, also called Farošīn, in Irani Zoroastrian dialect Parošīn.

  • FARR(AH)

    Gherardo Gnoli

    Avestan Xᵛarənah, lit. “glory,” according to the most likely etymology and the semantic function reconstructed from its occurrence in various contexts and phases of the Iranian languages.

  • FARR(AH) ii. ICONOGRAPHY OF FARR(AH)/XᵛARƎNAH

    Abolala Soudavar

    In terms of iconographic representation, there is perhaps no more dominant a theme than farr in pre-Islamic imagery. Farr not only portended auspiciousness, but was also perceived as a necessary source of power, and ultimately a source of authority. 

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  • FARRANT, FRANCIS

    Denis Wright

    , Colonel (b. 1803 [?]; d. 1868), British soldier and diplomat.

  • FARRĀŠ

    Cross-Reference

    See CITIES iii.

  • FARROḴ KHAN KĀŠĪ, AMĪN-AL-MOLK

    Cross-Reference

    See AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, ABŪ ṬĀLEB FARROḴ KHAN.