Table of Contents
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FERRIER, JOSEPHE-PIERRE
Gavin R. G. Hambly
19th-century French traveler and intrepid explorer in Afghanistan.
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FERTILITY AND MORTALITY
Mehdi Amani
in Persia. Up to 1986 the Persian birthrate was high (as high as 48-49 per 1,000), compared to the world rate but had dropped from 1966, as a result of official policies on family planning. In 1994 the Persian birthrate equaled the average for Asia and Central America.
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FESANJĀN
Etrat Elahi
(fesenjūn, fasūjan), a well known Persian dish (ḵoreš, a kind of stew) made of walnut or almond, poultry (usually duck) or small meat balls (kalla gonješkī) and pomegranate sauce or juice.
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FESTIVALS
Multiple Authors
This article discusses religious or communal festivals and commemorations, ancient and modern, of diverse communities in Persia and Afghanistan.
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FESTIVALS i. ZOROASTRIAN
Mary Boyce
fall into two broad categories. There are the seven feasts of obligation, that is, No Rōz (Nowrūz) and the six gāhānbārs, which formed the framework of the religious year, and which it was a sin not to keep; and others, which it was a merit, not a duty, to observe.
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FESTIVALS ii. MANICHEAN
Werner Sundermann
The Manichean calendar of holidays proves independence from that of the Zoroastrians. Even if the heptavalent number of the Manichean Yimkis was correlated to the Zoroastrian gāhānbār and Nowrūz
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FESTIVALS iii, iv, v
Anne H. Betteridge and EIr, Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Keith Hitchins
iii. SHI'ITE, iv. YAZIDI AND AHL-E HAQQ, v. KURDISH (SUNNI).
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FESTIVALS vi, vii, viii
Moojan Momen, Amnon Netzer, A. Arkun
vi. BAHAI, vii. JEWISH, viii. ARMENIAN.
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FESTIVALS ix. Assyrian
WILLIAM PIROYAN and EDEN NABY
The adoption of Christianity by the Assyrians in the latter part of the 1st century led to the harmonization of older community celebrations and commemorations with Christian doctrine as well as the introduction of specifically Christian religious holidays.
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FESTIVALS x. IN AFGHANISTAN
NANCY HATCH DUPREE
Festive ceremonies in Afghanistan mark special religious days and major events in individual life cycles. Few are formally organized, being celebrated primarily to keep family bonds strong and community ties congenial.
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FEṬR
Cross-Reference
See FESTIVALS iii.
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FEṬRAT ZARDŪZ SAMARQANDĪ, SAYYED KAMĀL
Michael Zand
(1660-1699), Tajik poet.
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FEṬRAT, ʿABD-AL-RAʾŪF BOḴĀRĪ
Habib Borjian
(b. Bukhara, ca. 1886; d. Tashkent, 1938), teacher, man of letters, and the most important thinker of the Jadid movement of modern Central Asia.
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FETYĀN
Cross-reference
See ʿAYYĀR; JAVĀNMARDI.
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FEUDALISM
Cross-Reference
European term sometimes applied to medieval Persia; see EQṬĀʿ.
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FEUVRIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE
Jean Calmard
(1842-1926), Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah’s personal physician (1889-1892), author of Trois ans à la cour de Perse, with engravings from photographs in the collections of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah and his retinue, Feuvrier’s own drawings, and Persian contemporary paintings.
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FEVZİ EFENDİ, MEḤMED
Tahsın Yazici
or FAWZĪ (b. Denizli, 1826; d. Istanbul, 1900), Ottoman author who wrote some books in Persian.
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FEVZİ MOSTĀRĪ
Hamid Algar
or FAWZĪ (d. 1747), author of the Bolbolestān, an imitation of Saʿdī’s Golestān, the only prose work written in Persian known to be by a Bosnian author.
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FEYLĪ
Pierre Oberling
group of Lor tribes located mainly in Luristan.
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FEYLĪ DIALECT
Cross-Reference
See LORĪ.