COMMERCE within Persia and between Persia and other region.

i. In the prehistoric period

ii. In the Achaemenid period

iii. In the Parthian and Sasanian periods

iv. Before the Mongol conquest

v. In the Mongol and Timurid periods (see Supplement).

vi. In the Safavid and Qajar periods

vii. In the Pahlavi and post-Pahlavi periods

(Multiple Authors)

Originally Published: December 15, 1992

Last Updated: October 27, 2011

This article is available in print.
Vol. VI, Fasc. 1, pp. 57-89