Search Results for “Amnon Netzer”

• HA-GE’ULLAH

  Amnon Netzer

  Judeo-Persian weekly newspaper published in Tehran between 1920 and 1923.

• ḤAIM, MOREH ḤAḴĀM

  Amnon Netzer

  eminent Jewish scholar (b. Tehran, 1872; d. Tehran, 1942).

• KALIMI

  Amnon Netzer

  the word used to refer to the Jews of Iran in modern Persian usage. The word “kalimi” derives from the Arabic root KLM meaning to address, to speak, but the appellation in this context is derived directly from the specific epithet given to the prophet Moses as Kalim-Allāh.

• BACHER, WILHELM

  A. Netzer

  (1850-1913), Hungarian scholar of Persian and Judeo-Persian language and literature.

• BĀBĀʾĪ BEN NŪRĪʾEL

  Amnon Netzer

  rabbi (ḥāḵām) from Isfahan;  at the behest of Nāder Shah Afšār (r. 1736-47), he translated the Pentateuch and the Psalms of David from Hebrew into Persian.

• DĀNĪĀL B. MOŠEH QŪMESĪ

  Amnon Netzer

  Persian Jewish scholar and exegete of the Karaite sect, the members of which rejected rabbinical writings later than the Bible itself.

• BĀBĀʾĪ BEN FARHĀD

  Amnon Netzer

  18th-century author of a versified history of the Jews of Kāšān with brief references to the Jews of Isfahan and one or two other towns.

• ESTHER AND MORDECHAI

  Amnon Netzer

  a Jewish shrine in the city of Hamadān, where, according to Judeo-Persian tradition, Esther and Mordechai are buried.

• ʿEZRĀ-NĀMA

  Amnon Netzer

  paraphrased versification of the Book of ʿEzrā containing midrashic and Iranian legends. 

• ḤAIM, ŠEMUʾEL

  Amnon Netzer

  generally known as Monsieur Ḥaim or Mister Ḥaim, journalist and Majles deputy (b. Kermānšāh, 1891; executed Tehran, Dec. 15, 1931).

• AMĪNĀ

  A. Netzer

  pen name of BENYĀMĪN B. MĪŠĀʾĪL KĀŠĀNĪ, an outstanding Jewish poet of Iran.

• BĀBĀʾĪ BEN LOṬF

  Amnon Netzer

  Jewish poet and historian of Kāšān during the first half of the 17th century (d. after 1662).

• YAZD iv. THE JEWISH DIALECT OF YAZD

  Thamar E. Gindin

   The name “Judeo-Yazdi” is applied to a Central dialect spoken by some Jews of Yazd. The Jewish community of Yazd is one of the oldest in Persia. Although it had never been large, it was divided into two neighborhoods, referred to as ma:le (NPers. maḥalla).

• ḤAIM, SOLAYMĀN

  Amnon Netzer

  twentieth-century lexicographer, became known as one of the first serious lexicographers to prepare Persian-language dictionaries into and from English, French and Hebrew (1886-1970).

• ARDAŠĪR-NAMA

  A. Netzer

  a matnawī of six thousand couplets in Persian by Šāhīn Šīrāzī, a Jewish Persian poet of the 8th/14th century.

• EMRĀNĪ

  David Yeroushalmi

  the name or most likely the penname (taḵalloṣ) of the fifteenth century Jewish-Persian poet of Isfahan and Kāšān.

• DĀNĪĀL-E NABĪ

  Amnon Netzer, Nicholas Sims-Williams, Parvīz Varjāvand, Amnon Netzer

  Dānīāl is not mentioned in the Koran but is venerated as a prophet in Muslim tradition. Eschatological statements and the prophecy recounted in Daniel 12:12 (supposedly concerning the year 1335) have been interpreted by Jews as referring to the coming of the Messiah.

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• CONVERSION iv. Of Persian Jews to other religions

  Amnon Netzer

  In the Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian periods relations between the Jews and the Persian authorities were friendly, and there is no evidence of forced or voluntary conversion of Jews to Zoroastrianism.

• ANJOMAN-E KALĪMĪĀN

  A. Netzer

  (JEWISH ASSOCIATION), name given to the Jewish Association of Tehran in the 1930s, and to the Jewish Association of Iran since 1974.

• EBRĀHĪM

  Amnon Netzer

  Abraham, the name of the first patriarch of the Hebrew people.

• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES xi. MUSIC (1)

  Houman Sarshar

  This section is divided into four sub-sections: introduction, religious music, para-liturgical music, and secular Persian Jewish music.

• IGNATIUS OF JESUS

  Paola Orsatti

  (Ignazio di Gesù, 1596-1667), an Italian missionary in Persia and a scholar of the Persian language, renowned mainly for his studies on religion and on the customs of the Mandaeans.

• Isfahan xviii. JEWISH COMMUNITY

  Amnon Netzer

  According to Armenian sources, the Sasanian Šāpūr II transferred many Jews from Armenia and settled them in Isfahan. According to the Middle Persian text Šahristānihā ī Ērān, Yazdegerd I settled Jews in Jay (Gay) at the request of his Jewish wife Šōšan-doḵt.

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• ISRAEL iii. IRANIAN STUDIES

  Shaul Shaked

  A department of Iranian Studies was only formally established in Israel in 1970, but scholars working in Israel have been interested in aspects of Iranian history and culture since long before that date.

• ALLIANCE ISRAÉLITE UNIVERSELLE

  A. Netzer

  the first worldwide Jewish organization, through which a number of Jewish schools were founded in Iran.

• KASHAN viii. RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES (1) JEWISH COMMUNITY

  Mehrdad Amanat

  Kashan was home to an important Jewish community and cultural center starting at least in the Safavid period.

• TALMUD ii. RABBINIC LITERATURE and MIDDLE PERSIAN TEXTS

  Yaakov Elman

  Jews and Persians had coexisted in Mesopotamia, mostly peaceably, for some 700 years by the time that the first generation of prominent Babylonian talmudic rabbis was born in the third quarter of the 2nd century.

• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES i. INTRODUCTION

  Houman Sarshar

  Jewish communities have been living upon the Persian plateau since ca. 721 BCE, when King Sargon II (r. 721-705 BCE) relocated large communities of conquered Israelites.

• KERMAN xiv. Jewish Community of Kerman City

  Nahid Pirnazar and EIr

  In the late 18th century, according to the account of the Jewish community of Yazd compiled by Molla Aqābābā Damāvandi a century later, severe drought caused its members to move to Rafsanjān and Sirjān and the villages around Kerman. Thus the Jewish Quarter of nineteenth-century Kerman became mainly an offshoot of the community in Yazd.

• POLEMICS i. BETWEEN SHIʿITES AND JEWS

  Daniel Tsadik

  Twelver (Eṯnā ʿAšari Emāmi) Shiʿite polemics refer here to arguments gleaned from compositions written by Shiʿites.

• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES vi. THE PAHLAVI ERA (1925-1979)

  Orly R. Rahimiyan

  Zionist institutions in London and the Iranian Foreign Ministry engaged in heated arguments over the total ban on emigration to Palestine and on the use of Iranian soil by Russian Jews as a transit station on their way to Palestine.

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• BIBLE vi. Judeo-Persian Translations

  Jes P. Asmussen

  Judeo-Persian or Jewish-Persian is the common designation for, Persian written with Hebrew characters. Among the earliest and most important Judeo-Persian texts are the Bible translations.

• FESTIVALS vi, vii, viii

  Moojan Momen, Amnon Netzer, A. Arkun

  vi. BAHAI, vii. JEWISH, viii. ARMENIAN.

• ISRAEL ii. JEWISH PERSIAN COMMUNITY

  David Yeroushalmi

  Jews of Persian origin and their descendants who live in the State of Israel and constitute an integral and active part of its general population.

• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES ix. JUDEO-PERSIAN LITERATURE

  Amnon Netzer

  Most of the inscriptions and documents written in Judeo-Persian at the beginning of the Islamic period were discovered in the 19th century. They are important for the study of the development of early New Persian, and their existence proves that Jews lived and were active in all areas within and beyond the borders of historical Persia.

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• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES viii. JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE

  Thamar E. Gindin

  a group of very similar, usually mutually comprehensible, dialects of Persian, spoken or written by Jews in greater Iran over a period of more than a millennium.

• HAMADĀN viii. JEWISH COMMUNITY

  Houman Sarshar

  The relative religious freedom that existed in Persia at Yudḡān’s time had widespread effects on the Jewish communities,  in Hamadān in particular. Religious authorities of the two Talmudic schools in Iraq were able to better influence the Jewish communities of Persia, opening yeshivas in Hamadān.

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• DARĪ

  GILBERT LAZARD

  name given to the New Persian literary language at a very early date and widely attested in Arabic and Persian texts since the 10th century.

• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES iv. MEDIEVAL TO LATE 18TH CENTURY

  Vera Basch Moreen

  From ancient times Iranian Jews formed communities in most of the major towns, villages, and regions of the Persianate world. Between the 8th and 10th centuries, Iraq and Iran contained very large and prosperous Jewish populations.

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• JĀMEʿ AL-TAWĀRIḴ

  Charles Melville

  (The Compendium of chronicles), historical work composed in 1300-10 by Ḵᵛāja Rašid-al-Din Fażl-Allāh Ṭabib Hamadāni, vizier to the Mongol Il-khans Ḡāzān and Öljeitü.

• HAMADĀN ix. JEWISH DIALECT

  Donald Stilo

  According to Ehsan Yarshater’s informants, the Jewish community had dwindled from around 13,000 souls in 1920 to less than 1,000 by 1969, and of these about half originated from the Jewish communities of Malāyer, Tuyserkān, and various points in Kurdistan. 

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• ESCHATOLOGY i. In Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrian Influence

  Shaul Shaked

  Faith in the events beyond life on this earth is attested in the Zoroastrian scriptures from the very first, from the Gāθās. This faith developed and became central to later Zoroastrianism so that it colors almost all aspects of the religious life.

• ESTHER, BOOK OF

  Shaul Shaked

  a short book of the Old Testament, written in Hebrew.

• HUNGARY ii. Iranian and Persian Studies in Hungary

  Keith Hitchins

  The Polish diplomats and the literary professionals were among the first to study and translate Persian literary works in the 18th century Europe.

• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES v. QAJAR PERIOD (1)

  Daniel Tsadik

  The socio-economic and legal status of the Jews of Iran in early Qajar times was, to an extent, a continuation of the legacy of Safavid times. With the passage of time, however, certain changes started to be seen.

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• JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES v. QAJAR PERIOD (2)

  Mehrdad Amanat

  In the latter part of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries there occurred a relatively widespread mass movement of Persian Jews to the Bahai community.

• IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (10). Aramaic

  Gernot Windfuhr

  Speakers of North-Eastern Aramaic have been in contact with Iranian languages in the western regions of the plateau and on the western side of the Zagros for some 3,000 years.

• GRĪW

  Werner Sundermann

  a Middle Iranian word meaning “neck, throat” and “self, soul.”

• FAUSTUS

  James R. Russell

  fifth-century author of the Patmutʿiwn Hayocʿ (History of the Armenians) or Buzandaran.

• CYRUS iii. Cyrus II The Great

  Muhammad A. Dandamayev

  Cyrus II the Great (also known to the Greeks as Cyrus the Elder; b. ca. 600 B.C.E., d. 530 B.C.E.) was the founder of the Achaemenid empire.

• GIANTS, THE BOOK OF

  Werner Sundermann

  a book mentioned as a canonical work of Mani in the Coptic Kephalaia, in the Homilies and Psalms, as well as in the Chinese compendium of Mani’s teachings.

• Isfahan xx. GEOGRAPHY OF THE MEDIAN DIALECTS OF ISFAHAN

  Habib Borjian

  The continuum of Central Plateau Dialects appears along a northwest-souteast axis traversing the modern provinces of Hamadān, Markazi, Isfahan, and Yazd, that is, the area of Ancient Media Major.

• KAYĀNIĀN xiv. The Kayanids in Western Historiography

  Prods Oktor Skjærvø

  Henry C. Rawlinson contrasted the “distorted and incomplete allusions to Jemshíd and the Kayanian monarchs” with “authentic history,” and Friedrich Spiegel called the Kayanids partly purely mythical, partly legendary.

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• PERROT, JEAN

  Rémy Boucharlat

  (1920-2012), French archeologist and the last director of the Délégation Archéologique Française en Iran (1968-83).

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• MUSIC HISTORY ii. CA. 650 TO 1370 CE

  Eckhard Neubauer

  When in 31/651 Yazdgerd III, the last Sasanian king, left Iran, fleeing from the Arab troops, he took with him “1,000 cooks and 1,000 musicians.”

• KERMANSHAH vii. LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS

  Habib Borjian

  Kermanshah is linguistically characterized by a triad of Kurdish, Gurāni, and Persian within a multifaceted, areal-tribal-social setting; supplemented by Neo-Aramaic spoken in pockets by area Jewry, as well as an isolated Turkic dialect spoken in the Sonqor valley.

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• PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian

  Ludwig Paul

  Early New Persian is the first phase (8th-12th centuries CE) of the Persian language after the Islamic conquest of Iran.

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• FICTION, i

  J. T. P. de Bruijn

  OVERVIEW of the entry: i. TRADITIONAL FORMS. This article deals with all kinds of stories written for specifically literary purposes up to the time when narrative prose in the modern style, derived from the West, was introduced in Persia.

• ZOROASTRIANISM i. HISTORICAL REVIEW UP TO THE ARAB CONQUEST

  William W. Malandra

  This article presents an overview of the history of Zoroastrianism from its beginnings through the 9th and 10th centuries CE. Details of different periods and specific issues relating to Zoroastrianism are discussed in the relevant separate entries.

• IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Documentation

  Prods Oktor Skjærvø

  Iranian languages are known from roughly three periods, commonly termed Old, Middle, and New (Modern).

• MANICHEISM iii. THE MANICHEAN PANDAEMONIUM

  Werner Sundermann

  demons and demonology in Manicheism.

• BUKHARA vii. Bukharan Jews

  Michael Zand

  “Bukharan Jews” is the common appellation for the Jews of Central Asia whose native language is the Jewish dialect of Tajik.

• CLASS SYSTEM v. Classes in the Qajar Period

  Ahmad Ashraf and Ali Banuazizi

  During the Qajar period there continued to be a fundamental division between a narrow stratum of courtiers, state officials, tribal leaders, religious notables, landlords and great merchants at the top and the vast majority of peasants, tribespeople, and laborers in agriculture, traditional industries, and services at the bottom.