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• ABŪ ŠAKŪR BALḴĪ

  G. Lazard

  poet of the Samanid period.

• ABU’L-MOʾAYYAD BALḴĪ

  G. Lazard

  An early Persian poet and writer of the Samanid period, whose works have almost entirely disappeared.

• BENVENISTE, ÉMILE

  Gilbert Lazard

  (1902-76), French scholar, eminent Iranist, and one of the greatest linguists of his era. At a very young age he caught the attention of the dean of linguistics in France, Antoine Meillet, and was soon engaged in the research activities that he was to pursue through half a century.

• DARĪ

  GILBERT LAZARD

  name given to the New Persian literary language at a very early date and widely attested in Arabic and Persian texts since the 10th century.

• PROSODY iii. MIDDLE PERSIAN

  Gilbert Lazard

  There are remnants left of pre-Islamic poetry within western Middle Iranian languages: fragments of Manichean religious hymns, some poems preserved in the literature of Pahlavi, and poetical pieces in New Persian not following the rules of classical versification.