Table of Contents
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SHIRAZ i. HISTORY TO 1940
A. Shapur Shahbazi
The city of Shiraz has been the capital of the province of Fārs since the Islamic conquest, succeeding Eṣṭaḵr of the Sasanian period and Persepolis of the Achaemenid days.
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SHIRVANLU, FIRUZ
EIr
(1938-1989), art critic, scholar, and artist, who played an instrumental role in the creation and management of several museums and cultural centers in the 1960s and 1970s.
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SHOGHI EFFENDI
Moojan Momen
Šawqi Rabbāni (1897-1957), eldest grandson and successor of ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ as leader of the Bahai Faith (1921-57). Iranian Bahais usually refer to him as Ḥażrat-e Waliy-e Amrallāh, the title given to him by ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ, usually translated as “the Guardian of the Cause of God, or simply “the Guardian.”
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SIĀH-QALAM
Bernard O'Kane
“black pen” (1) the genre of paintings or drawings done in pen and ink; (2) the painters of such drawings.
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SIĀHKAL
Marcel Bazin and Christian Bromberger
small town and sub-provincial district (šahrestān) in the southeastern part of Gilān province.
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SIALK, TEPE
Cross-Reference
See CERAMICS i. The Neolithic Period through the Bronze Age in Northeastern and North-central Persia.
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SIAR AL-MOLUK
Neguin Yavari
also known as Siāsat-nāma (The book of statecraft) and Panjāh faṣl (Fifty chapters), a manual on statecraft written for the Saljuq sultan Malekšāh by his vizier Neẓām-al-Molk.
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SIĀVAŠ
Cross-Reference
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SIBERIAN ELM
Cross-Reference
See ĀZĀD.
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SĪH-RŌZAG
Enrico G. Raffaelli
a text of the Xorda Avesta comprising invocations to Zoroastrian divinities.
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SILK
Cross-Reference
Originally from China, silk has been known in Iran since ancient times. See ABRĪŠAM.
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SILVER
Michael Spink
Silver, the element Ag, was found in a number of areas of Islamic Greater Iran, and medieval authors described its exploitation. Although few silver vessels have survived, contemporary literature demonstrates its importance as a luxury material.
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SIMJURIDS
Luke Treadwell
a family of Turkish mamluks who over four generations, from the late 9th century to the Qarakhanid conquest (389/999), played a leading role in the Samanid state.
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SIMORḠ
Hanns-Peter Schmidt
(Persian), Sēnmurw (Pahlavi), Sīna-Mrū (Pāzand), a fabulous, mythical bird. The name derives from Avestan mərəγō saēnō ‘the bird Saēna’, originally a raptor, either eagle or falcon, as can be deduced from the etymologically identical Sanskrit śyená.
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SINDHI
Christopher Shackle
A language of the Indo-Aryan family. Many of its numerous distinctive features may be attributed to the isolated position in the lower Indus valley of Sindh.
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SINEMĀ WA NEMĀYEŠĀT
Nassereddin Parvin
the first Persian magazine entirely devoted to cinematography (1930).
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SIRĀFI, ABU SAʿID ḤASAN
David Pingree
10th-century polymath known best for his work as a grammarian.
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ŠIRĀZI, Nur-al-Din Moḥammad ʿAbd-Allāh
Fabrizio Speziale
Indo-Muslim physician and one of the main Persian authors of works on medical subjects in India in the 17th century.
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SISIGAMBIS
Ernst Badian
the mother of Darius III and of Stateira (2), perhaps also of Oxyathres; captured in the Persian base camp after the battle of Issus along with other members of the immediate royal family.
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SISTĀN ii. In the Islamic period
C. E. Bosworth
It was during the governorship in Khorasan of ʿAbdallāh b. ʿĀmer for the caliph ʿOṯmān that the Arabs first appeared in Sistān, when in 31/652 Zarang surrendered peacefully, although Bost resisted fiercely.