Table of Contents
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FRATARAKA
Josef Wiesehöfer
lit. “leader, governor, forerunner”; ancient Persian title.
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FRAVARTISH
Cross-Reference
Median rebel against Darius I. See PHRAORTES.
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FRAVAŠI
Mary Boyce
the Avestan word for a powerful supernatural being whose concept at an early stage in Zoroastrianism became blended with that of the urvan (the human soul).
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FRAWĀG
Cross-reference
See SĪĀMAG.
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FRAWAHR
Cross-reference
See FRAVAŠI.
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FRAWARDĪGĀN
William W. Malandra
name of the ten-day Zoroastrian festival (gāhānbār) at year’s end in honor of the spirits of the dead.
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FRAWARDĪN
Cross-reference
name of the nineteenth day of a month and also the name of the first month of the year in the Zoroastrian calendar. See CALENDARS i.
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FRAWARDĪN YAŠT
Mary Boyce
the thirteenth of the Zoroastrian yašt hymns, devoted to the fravašis.
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FRĀXKARD
Ahmad Tafazzoli
name of the cosmic ocean in Iranian mythology.
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FREE VERSE
Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak
in Persian poetry. The term šeʿr-e āzād, Persian for the French vers libre and English free verse, entered Persia in the 1940s and immediately began to be used in a variety of senses and applied to diverse subspecies of the emerging canon of šeʿr-e now (new poetry), especially to highlight those features in which this body of poetry was felt to differ from classical Persian poetry and the contemporary practice modeled after it.