Bernard Hourcade
- BARQ i. In Iran
i. In Iran The history and evolution of production.The almost exclusive use of wood and charcoal as energy sources hampered…
- ALĪ KĀY
ALĪ KĀY, a semi-nomadic Gīlakī-speaking tribe that winters in the foothills of the central Alborz; about three hundred families stay…
- ALAMŪT
ALAMŪT, a high, isolated valley in the Alborz thirty-five kilometers northeast of Qazvīn; the center of an autonomous Ismaʿili state,…
- ANTI-ALBORZ
ANTI-ALBORZ, the highland between Tehran and Semnān on the southern flank of the central Alborz range. The name, which has…
- SNOW
SNOW or N. Pers. ‘barf’ (from OIr. *vafra- “snow,” root vap- “to toss in the air, to pile up”; cf….
- KARAJ RIVER
KARAJ RIVER (Rud-e Karaj), the second major permanent river of the central Iranian plateau after the Zāyandarud (see ISFAHAN i-ii)….
- ʿARAB iv. Arab tribes of Iran
1. General. Since ancient times Iranians and Arabs have lived in neighboring areas. During the Sasanian period several large Arab…
- ALBORZ iii. Geography
ALBORZ iii. Geography The Alborz mountains form the central part of the northern arc of mountains in Iran, which extend…
- FĪRŪZKŪH iii. The Modern Town.
iii. THE MODERN TOWN Fīrūzkūh is a town in the central Alborz region, situated 130 km east of Tehran (35°…
- PLANHOL, XAVIER DE
PLANHOL, XAVIER DE (b. Paris, 3 February 1926, d. Paris, 17 May 2016; Figure 1), prominent cultural geographer and leading…
- KERMAN ii. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
KERMAN ii. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY THE NAME OF KERMAN In the early Achaemenid period, the name of Kerman (for most recent…
- KERMAN ii. Historical Geography [2014]
KERMAN ii. Historical Geography THE NAME OF KERMAN In the early Achaemenid period, the name of Kerman (for most recent…
- KARAJ i. Modern City
KARAJ i. Modern City In the present day, Karaj is a major suburb of Tehran. But until the second half…
- DEMOGRAPHY
DEMOGRAPHY, the statistical study of characteristics of human populations. i. In Persia since 1319 Š./1940. ii. In Afghanistan. iii. In…
- DELĀRESTĀQ
DELĀRESTĀQ (also Delārostāq, Dīlārostāq), dehestān (administrative district) in the šahrestān of Āmol (Lārījān baḵš), on the northeastern slope of Mount…
- DARBAND QUARTER
DARBAND QUARTER (دربند) of Tehran, formerly a village in the summer resort (yeylāq) of Šamīrān, situated at an elevation of 1,700 m…
- DAMĀVAND
i. Geography. ii. In Iranian mythology. Geography The mountain Mount Damāvand is a recent volcano with regular contours, part…
- ČĀLŪS
ČĀLŪS, a small town in western Māzandarān (šahrestān of Nowšahr, baḵš of Čālūs) located about 8 km from the Caspian…
- BĀZARGĀN
BĀZARGĀN, a village on the Turkish-Iranian frontier eighteen kilometers northwest of Mākū (West Azarbaijan province, šahrestān and baḵš of Mākū,…
- JĀJRUD
JĀJRUD, a major river of the southern slopes of central Alborz (q.v.) in the Central Plateau (140 km long, basin…
- GARMSĀR
GARMSĀR, a region (Qešlāq and Garmsār) in the province of Semnān situated beyond the Caspian Gates. It has been known…
- FRANCE xii(c). IRANIAN STUDIES IN FRANCE: SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MODERN PERSIA
FRANCE xii(c). IRANIAN STUDIES IN FRANCE: SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MODERN PERSIA Beginnings. The history of French scholarship on modern Persia…
- FRANCE xii(a). IRANIAN STUDIES IN FRANCE: OVERVIEW
FRANCE xii(a). IRANIAN STUDIES IN FRANCE: OVERVIEW From the origins to the end of the 19th century: The primacy of…