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  • ARABIC LANGUAGE ii. Iranian loanwords in Arabic

    A.Tafażżolī

    Loanwords in Arabic, traditionally called moʿarrab (arabicized) or daḵīl (foreign words), include a considerable number of Iranian elements.

  • FRANCE xvi. LOANWORDS IN PERSIAN

    Guitty Deyhime

    The gradual entry of a large number of loan words into Persian from European languages and most notably from French began in the 19th century and continued through the 20th century as part of the process of modernization of culture and society in Persia.

  • Greece xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    The Greeks came into direct contact with speakers of Iranian languages when Cyrus II conquered the Lydian empire in 547 B.C.E. However, the possibility of linguistic borrowings in prehistoric times cannot be ruled out.

  • Greece xiii. Greek Loanwords in Middle Iranian Languages

    Philip Huyse

    The number of loanwords borrowed from Greek into the pre-Islamic Iranian languages is far less impressive than the number of borrowings in the other direction.

  • Greece xiv. Greek Loanwords in Medieval New Persian

    Lutz Richter Bernburg and EIr

    In the Islamic period, Persian learned literature was largely modelled upon Arabic antecedents and that these, whether  translations from Greek or Arabic originals, strove to minimize foreign and unfamiliar-sounding vocabulary.

  • MONGOLS ii. Mongolian Loanwords in Persian

    Michael Knüppel

    early Turkic and Mongolian have many common features that were occasionally interpreted as indications to a genetic relationship between the two language families.

  • OSSETIC LANGUAGE ii. Ossetic Loanwords in Hungarian

    J.T.L. Cheung

    One of the features of Ossetic is the number of lexical traces that show ancient contacts with many, often very diverse, ethnic groups.

  • SOGDIAN LANGUAGE ii. Loanwords in Persian

    B. Gharib

    Loanwords from Sogdian into Persian were adopted through the cultural relations and commercial interactions which existed between Iran proper and Transoxiana, the birth place of Sogdian language.

  • SYRIAC LANGUAGE i. IRANIAN LOANWORDS IN SYRIAC

    Claudia A. Ciancaglini

    Many of the authors of Syriac literature were Persians who wrote in Syriac, either because they were Christian converts, or because they wrote about subjects that had a literary tradition in Syriac, such as medicine. 

  • TURKIC LOANWORDS IN PERSIAN

    Michael Knüppel

    Turkic-Iranian language contacts, as well as reciprocal loaning/borrowing of words, go back to the era of the Old Turkic language.