Table of Contents
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PROSODY i. Remnants of Proto-Indo-European Poetic Craft in Iranian
Rüdiger Schmitt
reconstructions of a special poetic language assumed for the Proto-Indo-Europeans and their reflections in other ancient Indo-European languages including Iranian.
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PROSODY iii. MIDDLE PERSIAN
Gilbert Lazard
There are remnants left of pre-Islamic poetry within western Middle Iranian languages: fragments of Manichean religious hymns, some poems preserved in the literature of Pahlavi, and poetical pieces in New Persian not following the rules of classical versification.
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PROSODY iv. New Persian
Cross-Reference
The study of poetic metre and of the art of versification, including rhyme, stanzaic forms, and the quantity and stress of syllables. See ʿARUŻ.
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PROTOTHYES
Rüdiger Schmitt
according to Herodotus 1.103.3 the father of the Scythian king Madýēs, who is said to have gone into battle against the Medes.
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PSALMS, BOOK OF
Cross-Reference
in Iran and Central Asia. See the following entries:
BIBLE, with multiple sub-articles on translations into Iranian languages, from pre-Islamic times to the present.
JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES OF IRAN ix. Judeo-Persian Literature.
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PUNJABI
Christopher Shackle
Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab with about 26 million speakers in India and more than 60 million in Pakistan.
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PUR BAHĀʾ JĀMI, TĀJ-AL-DIN
George Lane
poet, pun master, satirist, and often scathing social commentator.
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PURDĀWUD, EBRĀHIM
Cross-Reference
(1885-1968), pioneer of studies in the religious and cultural history of Iran. See
HISTORIOGRAPHY ix. Pahlavi Period (2) Specific Topics (b) Purdawud.
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PURSIŠNĪHĀ
Mahnaz Moazami
a collection of 59 questions and answers in Avestan and Middle Persian relating to matters of Zoroastrian religion
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PUYANDA, Moḥammad-Jaʿfar
Jalil Doostkhah
(1954-1998), scholar and translator of literary texts and sociological studies. He never joined any political organization or party, but was a diligent defender of democracy and freedom of speech and belief.
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