Table of Contents
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KAYĀNIĀN vii. Kauui Haosrauuah, Kay Husrōy, Kay Ḵosrow
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
According to Ṯaʿālebi, having brought order to the earth, worrying that he might be subjected to hubris like several of his predecessors, Kay Ḵosrow left to wander, and no one heard any more from him.
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KAYĀNIĀN viii. Kay Luhrāsp, Kay Lohrāsb
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In the Avesta, Vištāspa’s father is Auruuaṯ.aspa, who is mentioned only once, when Zarathustra asks Anāhitā for the ability to make Vištāspa, son of Auruuaṯ.aspa, help the daēnā along with thoughts, words, and deeds, a wish he is granted.
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KAYĀNIĀN ix. Kauui Vištāspa, Kay Wištāsp, Kay Beštāsb/Goštāsb
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The name Vištāspa presumably means “he who gives the horses free rein” (víṣitāso áśvāḥ “horses let loose or given free rein”), which agrees with the description of Vištāspa as the prototypical winner of the chariot race in Yašt 5.132.
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KAYĀNIĀN x. The End of the Kayanids
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In the Pahlavi texts. The Bundahišn only records that, when Wahman, son of Spandyād, came to the throne, Iran was a wasteland, and the Iranians were quarreling with one another.
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KAYĀNIĀN xi. The Kayanids and the Kang-dez
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According to the Pahlavi texts, Kay Siāwaxš built the Kang castle (Kang-diz) by miraculous power (Pahlavi Rivāyat: with his own hands, by means of the [Kavian] xwarrah and the might of Ohrmazd and the Amahrspands).
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KAYĀNIĀN xii. The Kavian XˇARƎNAH
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The nature of the Avestan xᵛarənah and its three subtypes, the Aryan (airiiana), the “unseizable” (? axᵛarəta), and the Kavian (kāuuaiia).
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KAYĀNIĀN xiii. Synchronism of the Kayanids and Near Eastern History
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The desire of the medieval historians to fit all the ancient narratives into one and the same chronological description of world history from the creation led them to coordinate the Biblical, Classical, and Iranian sources.
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KAYĀNIĀN xiv. The Kayanids in Western Historiography
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Henry C. Rawlinson contrasted the “distorted and incomplete allusions to Jemshíd and the Kayanian monarchs” with “authentic history,” and Friedrich Spiegel called the Kayanids partly purely mythical, partly legendary.
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KAYĀNSĪH
A. Panaino
Pahlavi form of the name of a mythical sea, Av. Kąsaoiia-, connected in tradition with the Hāmun lake. According to Later Av. sources it is from the Kąsaoiia that the Saošiiaṇt Astuuat̰.ərəta- will rise.
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KAYFI SABZAVĀRI
Sunil Sharma
Persian poet, also known as Kayfi Sistāni and Kayfi Now-Mosalmān.
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KAYHAN
EIr.
a leading daily newspaper published in Tehran from 1942 until the 1979 Revolution. Since then, it has been published under the patronage of the Islamic Republic’s supreme leader. Kayhan of London was foundedin 1984 as a weekly newspaper; it has continued to be published as a monarchist newspaper for Iranians in Diaspora.
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KAYKĀVUS B. ESKANDAR
J.T.P. de Bruijn
author of a famous Mirror for Princes, best known as the Qābus-nāma, although other, more general titles such as Naṣiḥat-nāma, or Pand-nāma, also occur in the sources.
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KAYKĀVUS B. HAZĀRASP
Cross-reference
See BADUSPANIDS.
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ḴAYMA
Cross-reference
See TENTS.
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KAYOMARṮ
Cross-reference
See GAYŌMART.
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ḴAYRḴᵛĀH HERĀTI
Farhad Daftary
Nezāri Ismaʿili dāʿi, author, and poet (15th-16th centuries).
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KAYSĀNIYA
Sean W. Anthony
occasionally referred to also as Moḵtāriya, the Shiʿite sectarian movement(s) emerging from the Kufan revolt of Moḵtār b. Abi ʿObayd Ṯaqafi in 66-67/685-87.
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ḴAZʿAL KHAN
Shahbaz Shahnavaz
(Shaikh Ḵazʿal, also known as Moʿez-al-Salṭana, Sardār Aqdas), chieftain of the Banu Kaʿb tribe of Khuzestan (1861-1936).
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KĀZARUNIYA
Hamid Algar
a Sufi order (ṭariqat) so named after Abu Esḥāq Kāzaruni, alternatively designated as Esḥāqiya, especially in Turkey, or more rarely as Moršediya.
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KĀẒEM, MUSĀ
Cross-reference
Imam. See MUSĀ B. JAʿFAR (pending).
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KĀẒEM RAŠTI
Armin Eschraghi
(d. 1844), student and successor of Shaikh Aḥmad b. Zayn-al-Din Aḥsāʾi and head of the Šayḵi movement. The main sources for Rašti’s biography are some of his own works which contain autobiographical information.
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KĀẒEM RAŠTI, MALEK-AL-AṬEBBĀʾ
Hormoz Ebrahimnejad
one of the high-ranking traditional physicians in 19th-century Iran.
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KAZEMAYN
Meir Litvak
a suburban town in the northwest of Baghdad and one of the four Shiʿite shrine cities in Iraq, known in Shiʿi Islam as ʿatabāt-e ʿāliāt.
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KĀẒEMI, ḤOSAYN
Vida Nassehi-Behnam
(1924-1996), painter. He was part of a group of painters who started a modern movement in painting in Persia. They opened the first art gallery, Apādānā, in Tehran (1949) where they offered courses in painting and organized lectures and exhibitions. It became also a meeting place for artists and intellectuals.
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ḴĀZENI, ABU’L-FATḤ
Faiza Bancel
astronomer, mathematician, and mechanist originally from the city of Marv in Khorasan.
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KAZERUN
Multiple Authors
city and sub-province in the province of Fars, west of Shiraz. This entry is divided into the following three sections: i. Geography. ii. History. iii. Old Kazerun dialect.
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KAZERUN i. Geography
Jean Calmard
Kazerun is located in the southwestern Zagros range, which is oriented northwest-southeast in the normal folding zone and is seismically active. Kazerun comprises contrasting climates; there is a cold zone in the mountainous north, with summits up to 3,000 m, and a warm zone in the south, with elevations less than 2,000 m.
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KAZERUN ii. History
Jean Calmard
From late Safavid times, European travelers provided valuable information on Kazerun (variously spelled) and its region.
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KAZERUN iii. Old Kazerun Dialect
ʿAlī Ašraf Ṣādeqī
The old dialect of the city of Kazerun was commonly used by the local people up to around the 14th-15th centuries.
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KĀZERUNI FAMILY
Habib Borjian
Kāzeruni’s fortune was made through his investments in the textile industry, which had long been a major industry in Isfahan but had lost ground to British and Russian cotton imports. Kāzeruni stood out among the nationalist merchants and landowners who launched new campaigns to revive Isfahan’s cotton production and textile industry.
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ḴAZINADĀR
Willem Floor
title of the royal treasurer since the early Islamic period.
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KĒD
NICHOLAS SIMS-WILLIAMS
Pahlavi and Bactrian word with meanings ranging from “soothsayer” to “priest,” probably derived from OIran.
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KÉGL, SÁNDOR
Miklos Sarkozy
(b. Szúnyog, Hungary, 1 December 1862; d. Áporka, Hungary, 28 December 1920), Hungarian orientalist, polymath, and bibliophile who devoted a major part of his studies to Persian literature.
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KELĀRDAŠT
Cross-reference
(or Kalārdašt), see KALĀRESTĀQ.
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ḴELʿAT
Willem Floor
(Ar. ḵelʿa, pl. ḵelaʿ), term used in Iran, India, Central Asia for gifts, but in particular a robe of honor.
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KELIDAR
Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar
a monumental novel of nearly three thousand pages in five volumes consisting of ten books published over the period 1978-84 by Maḥmud Dawlatābādi, the noted Iranian novelist and ardent social realist.
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KELIM (GELIM)
Sumru Belger Krody
a kind of flat-woven carpet employed by settled and nomadic families for a host of uses, primarily but not exclusively for covering household items and furnishing the interior of dwellings.
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KEMĀḴ
Hurivash Ahmadi Dastgerdi and EIr.
a town and fortress in eastern Anatolia that was often involved in the border wars of the early Islamic period.
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KENT, ROLAND GRUBB
Rüdiger Schmitt
American scholar of Indo-European studies, who specialized also in Old Persian studies. He went to Berlin and Munich universities to continue for two years his classical studies, including (apart from the languages) Greek epigraphy, history, and archeology.
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KÉPES, GÉZA
András Bodrogligeti
(1909-1989), Hungarian poet and translator of Persian poetry. He was the son of a blacksmith and proud of his origins, claiming that the legacy of his father’s craftsmanship as a skilled artisan.
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KEPHALAIA
Iain Gardner
genre of literature developed by the Manichean communities in the early Sasanian empire, primarily preserved by two papyrus codices in Coptic translation from Egypt dating to the early fifth century CE.
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ḴERAD-NĀMA
Dariush Kargar and EIr.
title given to a compilation of Persian texts on practical philosophy dated to the 6th/12th century.
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KEREŠMA
Gen’ichi Tsuge
a musical term denoting a guša, or a metric section within a guša, based on any dastgāh.
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KERIYA
Alain Cariou
Because of the Chinese government program for urban development, Uighur neighborhoods are consistently demolished to make way for straight avenues and banal, modern buildings. Moreover, the Chinese government is promoting the migration of Han Chinese.
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KERMAN
Multiple Authors
province of Iran located between Fars and Sistan va Balučestān; also the name of its principal city and capital.
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KERMAN i. GEOGRAPHY
Habib Borjian
Kerman Province is situated in southeast Iran. It is divided into two distinct macroclimates, sardsir (cold) in the upland north and garmsir (warm) in the lowland south, generally speaking.
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KERMAN ii. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
Xavier de Planhol and Bernard Hourcade
The Kerman basin, in which Kerman City is situated, is located at an elevation of about 1,700 m with land sloping very gently from northwest to southeast. It is entirely surrounded by a series of high massifs.
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KERMAN iii. POPULATION
Habibollah Zanjani and Mohammad-Hossein Nejatian
In 1956, the total population of the province was around 789,000 persons (of whom, 127,624 then belonged to Bandar Abbas), while in the 2011 population and housing census, it had increased to nearly 2,939,000.
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KERMAN v. HISTORY FROM THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST TO THE COMING OF THE MONGOLS
C. Edmund Bosworth
The Armenian geography written in the second half of the 8th century and traditionally attributed to Moses of Khoren places Kerman in the southern quarter of the Sasanian empire.
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KERMAN vii. HISTORY IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD
Rudi Matthee
Kerman is one of the few places in Iran that had long generated local Persian-language chronicles, and the 17th century was no exception.