i. THE AUTHOR AND HIS WORK LIFE OF THE AUTHOR Abu’l-Faraj Moḥammad b. Abī Yaʿqūb Esḥāq al-Warrāq al-Nadīm, wrongly but…

RAYḤĀNI, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALI b. ʿObayda (d. ca. 219/834), a prolific author, a high ranking civil secretary (kāteb) to the ʿAbbasid caliph al-Maʾmun (r….

ESḤĀQ b. ṬOLAYQ (or Ṭalīq), the secretary responsible for translating the financial dīvāns of Khorasan into Arabic in 124/741-42. Next…

JAVĀNMARDI, or FOTOWWA, denotes a wide variety of amorphous associations with initiation rituals and codes in the Islamic world, primarily…