Table of Contents
-
MARZBĀN-NĀMA
K. Crewe Williams
an early 13th-century prose work in Persian consisting of various didactic stories and fables used as illustrations of morality and right conduct. The work is comprised of nine chapters (bāb) with main-framed stories, embedded minor tales, as well as Persian and Arabic poems, parables, sayings, and Qorʾanic expressions.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MĀSĀL
Marcel Bazin
small town and sub-provincial district (šahrestān) in the western part of Gilān Province. The town is located at lat 37°22′ N, long 49°02′ E.
-
MAŠHAD-E ARDAHĀL
Habib Borjian
district and settlement near Kashan, significant for its shrine and conservative traditions.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MASHAYEKHI, MEHRDAD
Mehrzad Boroujerdi
(1953-2011), scholar, public intellectual, political activist, whose research was focused primarily on the theoretical shortcomings of the traditional Iranian left and what seemed to him as their inadequate regard for democratic politics.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MASISTES
Rüdiger Schmitt
Greek rendering (Masístēs) of an Old Iranian name *Masišta- (reflected also in Bab. Ma-si-iš-tu4) based on the superlative YAv. masišta-, OPers. maθišta- “greatest, supreme”.
-
MASJED-E SANGI
Dietrich Huff
a rock-cut mosque near the ancient site of Dārābgerd.
-
MAŠREQ AL-AḎKĀR
Moojan Momen
With regard to the building and design of the Mašreq al-Aḏkārs, Bahāʾ-Allāh states: “Make them as perfect as is possible in the world of being.” Writing in 1955 to the German Bahais, Shoghi Effendi considered that the Mašreq al-Aḏkār should not be built in ultra-modern style, but be “graceful in outline,” with a “delicate architectural beauty.”
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MASRUR, Hosayn
Ḥasan Mirʿābedini
(1890-1968), novelist, poet, and literary scholar.
-
MASSAGETAE
Rüdiger Schmitt
(Gk. Massagétai), a nomadic tribe that settled in ancient times somewhere in the wide lowlands to the east of the Caspian Sea, in particular probably between the Oxus (Āmū Daryā) and Jaxartes (Syr Daryā) rivers.
-
MASSON, Charles
Elizabeth Errington
alias of James Lewis (1800-53), traveler, pioneering archeologist and numismatist, who in 1832-38 produced the first comprehensive archeological records of eastern Afghanistan.
-
MASʿUD (III) B. EBRĀHIM
C. Edmund Bosworth
recorded on his coins with various other honorifics. He seems to have had generally peaceful relations with his western neighbors, the Great Saljuqs.
-
MAS’UD, MOHAMMAD
Ḥasan Mirʿābedini
novelist and editor of the controversial and highly popular newspaper Mard-e emruz.
-
MASʿUD-E SAʿD-E SALMĀN
Sunil Sharma
(b. Lahore 1046-49?; d. 1121-22), Persian poet of the later Ghaznavid period. The first major Indo-Persian poet, Masʿud-e Saʿd-e Salmān is best known for the poetry he wrote in prison and in exile.
-
MASʿUDI
Michael Cooperson
a tenth-century geographer and historian and an important source of information on pre-Islamic and early Islamic Iran.
-
MĀSULA
Marcel Bazin
township and district (baḵš) in western Gilān.
-
MATHESON, Sylvia Anne
Yolande Crowe
Matheson was born Sylvia Anne Terry-Smith in London and trained at Wimbledon Technical College. By the age of 16 she started work as a journalist while attending evening classes at the Wimbledon School of Art. She interviewed celebrities such as Charles Laughton, Compton Mackenzie, and P. G. Wodehouse.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MAURICE
Michael Whitby
(539-602), Roman emperor, who campaigned in the Balkans (against the Avars) and on the frontier of Sasanian Iran, but gave refuge to Ḵosrow II and helped him to secure the Sasanian throne from Bahrām Čōbin.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MAWDUD B. MASʿUD
C. Edmund Bosworth
sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty, recorded on his coins with the honorifics Šehāb-al-Din wa’l-Dawla and Qoṭb-al-Mella.
-
MAWLAWI, ʿAbd-al-Raḥim Maʿdumi
Keith Hitchins
(1806-1882/83), a leading Kurdish poet of the 19th century who wrote in the Gurāni dialect of southeastern Kurdistan. He benefited from the support of Sufi shaikhs, who were generous patrons of writers and scholars.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
MAYMANA, MEYMANA
cross-reference
See FĀRYĀB.