Table of Contents
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JARRĀḤI RIVER
cross-reference
See KHUZESTAN i. Geography.
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JĀRUDIYA
cross-reference
See ZAIDIS.
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JĀS
D. T. Potts
also written Jāšk (‘Jasques’ in English East India Company sources), a small Baluchi port on the Makrān coast with palm gardens.
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JĀSK
Daniel T. Potts
a small Baluchi port on the Makrān coast with palm gardens, considered part of the Hormozgan province.
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JAŠN
cross-reference
See GĀHANBĀR; FESTIVALS ii.
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JĀSP
cross-reference
See MAḤALLĀT.
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JĀT
M. Jamil Hanifi
a contested and ambiguous label for several non-food-producing peripatetic, itinerant communities in Afghanistan and the surrounding region.
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JĀTAKASTAVA
Mauro Maggi
a Khotanese religious poem in praise (Skt. stava-) of the Buddha’s former births (Skt. jātaka-).
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JAUBERT, PIERRE AMÉDÉE ÉMILIEN-PROBE
Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam
In June 1806 Jaubert was received in audience by the shah in Tehran and presented a letter from Napoleon. Negotiations were carried out, and the court offered him a large portrait of the shah.
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JAVĀNMARDI
Mohsen Zakeri
also fotowwa, denoting a wide variety of amorphous associations with initiation rituals and codes in the Islamic world, primarily in its eastern regions.
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JAVĀNRUD
ʿAbd-Allāh Marduḵ and EIr.
a city and a sub-province (šahrestān) in the northwest of Kermānšāhān Province near the border with Iraq at about 110 km southwest of Sanandaj sub-province.
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JAVĀNŠIR QARĀBĀḠI, JAMĀL
George Bournoutian
(1773-1853), a leader of the Javānšir tribe and an office-holder in Qarābāḡ and Dagestan.
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JĀVDĀN-NĀMA
Orkhan Mir-Kasimov
the major work of Fażl-Allāh Astarābādi (d. 1394), the founder of the Ḥorufi movement.
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JĀVID, ʿABD-AL-AḤMAD
Nassereddin Parvin
Following his passion for Persian literature, Jāvid enrolled at the Faculty of Literature at Tehran University and studied alongside a number of students who would later rise to prominence. After compiling the preliminary work for his dissertation, he returned to Kabul with B.A. degrees in literature and law and began to teach and conduct research.
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JĀVID-NĀMA
David Matthews
(Pers. Jāved-nāma), title of a Persian maṯnawi by Muhammad Iqbal, often rendered into English as “The Song of Eternity,” first published in 1932.
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JAWĀHER AL-ʿAJĀYEB
Maria Szuppe
a short, rare kind of taḏkera in Persian, containing biographies of female poets and specimens of their verses (mostly in Persian, some in Chaghatay Turkish).
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JAWĀHER-E ḴAMSA
Carl W. Ernst
title of a Persian work on Sufi meditation practices composed by the well-known and controversial Šaṭṭārī saint, Moḥammad Ḡawṯ Gwāleyārī (1500-1563).
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JAWĀHER-NĀMA
Yves Porter
the title of several Persian works on precious stones, gems, minerals, and metals, as well as on crafts related to them.
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JAWĀLIQI, HEŠĀM
Abbas Kadhim
b. Sālem, an Imami jurist and theologian of the 8th century. He was a close associate of the Imams Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq and Musā al-Kāẓem.
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JAWĀMEʿ AL-ḤEKĀYĀT
Dariush Kargar
the earliest and the most comprehensive collection of stories in the Persian language, compiled by Sadid-al-Din Moḥammad ʿAwfi (d. after 1232).
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JAWHARI, ABU ʿABD-ALLĀH AḤMAD
Abbas Kadhim
b. Moḥammad b. ʿObayd-Allāh b. Ḥasan b. ʿAyyāš, 10th-century Imami transmitter of Hadith (d. 1010).
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JAXARTES
Cross-Reference
river in Central Asia. See SYR DARYA, forthcoming online.
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JAZĀʾERI, NEʿMAT-ALLĀH ŠOŠTARI
Forthcoming
NEʿMAT-ALLĀH ŠOŠTARI JAZĀʾERI will be discussed in a future online entry.
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JAZI, ʿABBĀS
Habib Borjian
(1847-1905), DARVIŠ, poet in the dialect of Gaz, an oasis north of Isfahan.
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JAZIRI
Joyce Blau
SHAIKH AḤMAD, or Malâ-ye Jizrî, early Kurdish poet.
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JAŽN-Ā JAMĀʿIYA
Khalil Jindy Rashow
(Feast of the Assembly), the great communal festival of the Yazidis.
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JEBĀL
C. Edmund Bosworth
in Arabic, the plural of jabal “mountain,” a geographical term used in early Islamic times for the western part of Persia, roughly corresponding to ancient Media (Ar. māh).
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JEBHE-YE MELLI
cross-reference
See NATIONAL FRONT.
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JEBRIL B. ʿOBAYD-ALLĀH
cross-reference
See BOḴTIŠUʿ.
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JEH
Albert de Jong
name of a female demon in a small number of Zoroastrian Middle Persian texts. The name of Jeh is commonly, but with little justification, translated as “whore.”
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JEJEEBHOY, JAMSETJEE
Jesse S. Palsetia
(1783-1859), Sir, Parsi businessman and philanthropist.
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JELD
cross-reference
See BOOKBINDING 1; BOOKBINDING 2.
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JELWA, ABU’L-ḤASAN
Mahdi Khalaji
b. Moḥammad Ṭabāṭabāʾi (1823-1897), a leading Shiʿite scholar and master teacher of philosophy and mathematics.
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JELWA, KETĀB AL-
Philip Kreyenbroek
(Kurd. Kitēba jilwe “the Book of splendor”), title of a notional sacred text in Yazidism.
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JEM SOLṬĀN
Osman G. Özgüdenli
(or Šāhzāda Jem, 1459-1495), Ottoman prince and poet.
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JEMĀLI
Osman G. Özgüdenli
Ottoman poet and writer of the 15th century.
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JEN-NĀMA
Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar
(The book of jinn, Sweden, 1998), the last novel of Hushang Golshiri, arguably his magnum opus.
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JENJĀN
Daniel T. Potts
coll. Jenjun, “Jinjun,” village in western Fārs, small archeological site of the Achaemenid period.
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JENKINSON, ANTHONY
Stephan Schmuck
(1529-1611), merchant and traveler. On 2 November 1562, he arrived in Qazvin, the seat of Shah Ṭahmāsp (r. 1524-76). But the shah did not wish to jeopardize his recently concluded peace with the Ottoman empire, so that Jenkinson was neither well received at court nor did he obtain the desired documents. In his writings, Jenkinson succinctly described his journeys to regions never before visited by English travelers.
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JENN
cross-reference
See GENIE.
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JÉQUIER, GUSTAVE
Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam
During his five year residence in Persia, Jéquier sent home to his family many letters and accounts of his daily life in Persia and these were compiled and published posthumously as a volume entitled En Perse 1897-1902 by his son Michel Jéquier.
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JERGA
M. Jamil Hanifi
an assembly or council of local adult men, among the settled and nomadic Pashtun tribal communities of Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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JERUSALEM AND IRAN
Hagith Sivan
Twice Jerusalem came under Persian rule, the first time in the sixth century BCE, the second during the westward expansion of the Sasanian state in the early seventh century CE.
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JESUITS IN SAFAVID PERSIA
Rudi Matthee
The Fathers of the Society of Jesus were the first European missionaries to enter the Persian Gulf in the 16th century. Their pioneer was the Dutchman Gaspar Barzaeus (Berze, 1515-53).
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JEVDET PASHA
Osman G. Özgüdenli
(1823-1895), Ottoman writer, historian, jurist, and statesman.
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JEVDET, ʿABD-ALLĀH
Osman G. Özgüdenli
(1869-1932), Ottoman poet, writer, translator, and thinker.
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JEVRI, AHISKALI
Osman G. Özgüdenli
(1805-1875), Ottoman poet and translator, a professional soldier.
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JEVRI, EBRĀHIM ČELEBI
Osman G. Özgüdenli
(d. 1654), Ottoman poet and calligrapher.
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JEWISH EXILARCHATE
Jacob Neusner
position of the head of the Jewish community in Babylonia in talmudic and medieval times, recognized in Sasanian times as an ethnarch, ruler of the ethnic group.
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JEWS OF IRAN
cross-reference