Table of Contents
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ḠAFFARĪ, MOḤAMMAD
Cross-Reference
a prominent Qajar painter. See KAMĀL-AL-MOLK.
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ḠAFFĀRĪ, MOḤAMMAD-EBRĀHĪM KHAN
Kambiz Eslami
son of Farroḵ Khan Amīn-al-Dawla, a high-ranking Qajar official. He spent his early years in the inner circle of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah’s court and then traveled to Europe to continue his education. In 1891 he received the title Moʿāwen-al-Dawla, and was named the head of the Commerce Court and deputy minister of justice.
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ḠAFFĀRĪ, NEẒĀM-AL-DĪN
Kambiz Eslami
(1844-1915), Qajar minister and engineer. In his later years, Ḡaffārī held several important positions, including the minister of mines, the minister of public services, and minister of education.
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ḠAFFĀRĪ, ṢANĪʿ-AL-MOLK
Cross-Reference
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GAFUROV, BOBODZHAN GAFUROVICH
Boris A. Litvinsky
(1908-1977), Tajik statesman, academician, and historian. His energy and administrative skills were instrumental in establishing Tajikistan’s first State University in 1948, and in inaugurating its national Academy of Sciences in 1951. He published more than 500 works.
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GAGIK
Cross-Reference
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GĀH
Mary Boyce
a Middle Persian, Parthian, and New Persian word meaning either “place” or “time.”
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GĀH-ŠOMĀRĪ
Cross-Reference
See CALENDARS.
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GĀHAMBĀR
Cross-Reference
See GĀHĀNBĀR.
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GĀHĀNBĀR
Mary Boyce
Middle Persian name for the feasts held at the end of each of the six seasons of the Zoroastrian year.
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GAHĪZ
Nassereddin Parvin
weekly newspaper published in Kabul from January 1968 to April 1973, owned, edited, and published by Menhāj-al-Dīn Gahīz (1922-73), who was apparently assassinated by Soviet agents.
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GAIL, MARZIEH
Wendy Heller
(1908-1993), Persian-American Bahaʾi author, essayist, and translator; child of the first Persian-American Bahaʾi marriage, and the first woman to work at a newspaper in Tehran.
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GALBANUM
Hushang Aʿlam
There has been confusion or uncertainty about the nature (color, taste, odor, medicinal properties) of galbanum, the plants involved, and habitats. The confusion has resulted mainly from the similarity of galbanum to resins yielded by some other umbelliferous plants.
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ḠĀLEB DADA, MOḤAMMAD ASʿAD
Tahsın Yazici
also known as Mehmed Esad Galib Dede, Shaikh Ḡāleb, or Şeyh Galib (b. Istanbul, 1757; d. Galata, 1799) poet in Turkish and Persian.
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ḠĀLEB, Mīrzā ASAD-ALLĀH Khan
Munibur Rahman
(b. Agra, 1797; d. Delhi, 1869), one of the greatest poets of Muslim India who wrote poems in both Persian and Urdu.
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GALEN
Cross-Reference
See JĀLINUS.
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GALERIUS
Cross-Reference
See NARSEH.
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GĀLEŠĪ
Cross-Reference
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GALĪN QAYA
Cross-Reference
dialect. See HARZANDĪ.
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GALLIMARD PRESS
Cross-Reference
See PUBLISHING HOUSES.