Table of Contents
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DAHRĪ
Mansour Shaki, Daniel Gimaret
(< Ar.-Pers. dahr “time, eternity”), a theological term referring either to an atheist or to an adherent of the doctrine that the universe had no beginning in time.
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DAHYU
Gherardo Gnoli
country (often with reference to the people inhabiting it).
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DAʿĪ
Farhad Daftary
he who summons; a term used by several Muslim groups, especially the Ismaʿilis, to designate their propagandists or missionaries.
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DĀʿĪ
Tahsin Yazici
the pen name of Aḥmad b. Ebrāhīm b. Moḥammad, Turkish scholar and poet who wrote in both Persian and Turkish.
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DĀʿĪ BOḴĀRĪ
Cathérine Poujol
(d. 1885), poet from Bukhara, probably born during the reign of Amir Naṣr-Allāh (1827-60).
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DĀʿĪ ELAʾL-ḤAQQ, ABŪ ʿABD ALLĀH MOḤAMMAD
Wilfred Madelung
b. Zayd b. Moḥammad b. Esmāʿīl b. Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb (d. 287/900), brother and successor of Ḥasan b. Zayd, founder of Zaydī rule in Rūyān and Ṭabarestān.
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DĀʿĪ JĀN NĀPELʾON
Nasrin Rahimiyeh
lit., “Uncle Napoleon”, a satirical novel written in 1348-49 Š./1969-70 by Īraj Pezeškzād, who was already known in Persia for writing such satirical novels.
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DĀʿĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ
Ḏabīḥ-Allāh Ṣafā
(1407-65), poet, preacher, and leader of the Neʿmat-Allāhī Sufi order in Fārs.
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DĀʿĪ-AL-ESLĀM, SAYYED MOḤAMMAD ʿALĪ
M. Saleem Akhtar
Persian scholar, preacher, and lexicographer, born 1295/1878 at Lārījān.
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DĀʿĪ-E KABĪR
Cross-Reference
See ḤASAN b. ZAYD.
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DĀʿĪ-E ṢAḠĪR
Cross-Reference
See ḤASAN b. QĀSEM ʿALAWĪ.
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DĀITYĀ, VAŊHVĪ
Gherardo Gnoli
the name of a river connected with the religious law, frequently identified in scholarly literature with the Oxus or with rivers of the northeastern region.
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DAIUKKU
Cross-Reference
See DEIOCES.
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DAIVA
Clarisse Herrenschmidt and Jean Kelllens
Old Iranian noun (Av. daēuua-, OPers. daiva-) corresponding to the title devá- of the Indian gods and thus reflecting the Indo-European heritage (*deiu̯ó-).
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DAIVADANA
Gherardo Gnoli
lit., "temple of the daivas," Old Persian term that appears in the “daiva inscription” of Xerxes at Persepolis.
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DAJJĀL
Hamid Algar
lit. "the great deceiver"; in Islamic tradition the maleficent figure gifted with supernatural powers whose advent and brief, though quasi-universal, rule will be among the signs heralding the approach of the resurrection.
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ḎAKAʾ-AL-MOLK
Cross-Reference
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DAKANĪ, REŻĀ ʿALĪŠĀH
Javad Nurbakhsh
also known as Shah ʿAlī-Reżā (1683-1799), leader (qoṭb, lit., “pole”) in the years 1741-99 of the Neʿmat-Allāhī Sufi order in Hyderabad (Deccan), India.
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DAKANĪ, SAYYED MĪR ʿABD AL ḤAMĪD MAʿṢŪM ʿALISĀH
Hamid Algar
(ca. 1738-97), the “renewer” (mojadded) of the Neʿmat-Allāhī Sufi order in Persia and thus the initiatory ancestor of all present-day Neʿmat-Allāhīs.
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DAḴĪL
Ḥosayn-ʿAlī Beyhaqī
lit. “interceder”; a piece of rag or cord or a lock fastened (daḵīl bastan) on a sacred place or object, for example, the railing around a saint’s tomb or grave or a public fountain (saqqā-ḵāna), the branch of a tree considered sacred, or another plant, in order to obtain a desired benefit.
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ḎAḴĪRA-YE ḴᵛĀRAZMŠĀHĪ
ʿAlī-Akbar Saʿīdī Sīrjānī
early 13th-century Persian encyclopedia of medical knowledge compiled by Sayyed Esmāʿīl b. Ḥosayn Jorjānī.
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DAḴMA
Cross-Reference
in Zoroastrian practice, enclosure or structure for the exposure of the dead. See CORPSE.
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DALMĀ TEPE
Robert H. Dyson, Jr.
The excavations revealed a mass of handmade, chaff-tempered pottery with fine grit inclusions, fired to orange or pink, frequently with a gray core. A few sherds have smoothed, undecorated surfaces and have been labeled “Dalma plain ware.”
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DALQAK
Farrokh Gaffary
buffoon, court jester, also sometimes known as masḵara.
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DAL’VERZIN TEPE
G. A. Pugachenkova
a large site in southern Uzbekistan located not far from the bank of the Surkhandarya river near Denau, a small city approximately 60 km northeast of Termez; it has yielded valuable data on the civilization and arts of northern Bactria and Tokharistan.
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DAM (1)
Cross-Reference
See BAND.
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DAM (2)
Klaus Fischer
archeological site in Afghanistan, 30°55’ N, 62°01’ E, located approximately 20 km east of the Helmand delta.
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DĀM PEZEŠKĪ
Mansour Shaki, Ḥasan Tājbaḵš, and Ṣādeq Sajjādī
veterinary medicine.
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DĀM-DĀRĪ
Jean-Pierre Digard
animal husbandry. In general, livestock raising in the Persian-speaking world is dominated by small animals, with a large proportion of goats, which in certain provinces of Persia itself are even more numerous than sheep. Cattle and equines, especially donkeys, are far less important.
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DĀMĀD, MĪR(-E), SAYYED MOḤAMMAD BĀQER
Andrew J. Newman
b. Mīr Šams-al-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥosaynī Astarābādī (d. 1041/1631), leading Twelver Shiʿite theologian, philosopher, jurist, and poet of 17th-century Persia.
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DAMASCUS, Zoroastrians at
Mary Boyce
The earliest evidence for the presence of Zoroastrians at Damascus is provided by Berossus, who stated that this was one of the cities of the Achaemenid empire at which Artaxerxes II (404-358 b.c.e.) had a statue set up for “Anaitis”
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DAMASPIA
Rüdiger Schmitt
name of a Persian queen, wife of Artaxerxes I and mother of his legal heir, Xerxes II (424/3 B.C.E.).
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DAMĀVAND
Bernard Hourcade, Aḥmad Tafażżolī
mountain, town, and administrative district (šahrestān) in the central Alborz region.
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DĀMDĀD NASK
D. N. MacKenzie
the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) name of one of the lost nasks of the Avesta.
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DAMELĪ
Cross-Reference
See DARDESTĀN.
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DĀMḠĀN
Chahryar Adle
(Damghan) Persian town located on a plain south of the Alborz range, 342 km east of Tehran. Situated on the main highway from Tehran to Nīšāpūr, Mašhad, and Herat, it also dominates less important roads north to Sārī and Gorgān, as well as tracks leading south to Yazd and Isfahan via Jandaq.
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DĀMḠĀNĪ (1)
EIr
nesba of a leading family of jurists of Persian origin, descendants of Abū ʿAbd-Allāh Moḥammad Kabīr (b. Dāmḡān 1007, d. Baghdad 1085), a well-known exponent of Hanafite law, who served as the chief magistrate (qāżī al-qożāt) of Baghdad.
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DĀMḠĀNĪ (2)
Sheila S. Blair
nesba of a father and two sons from Dāmḡān who worked as engineers, builders, and stucco carvers in the early 14th century.
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DĀMḠĀNĪ, ABŪ ʿALĪ
Cross-Reference
See ABŪ ʿALĪ DĀMḠĀNĪ.
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DĀMI
Jean Kellens
Avestan word, probably the noun of agency connected with Old Avestan dāman- “stake," thus “the one who drives the stake.”
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DAMIRI, MOḤAMMAD
G. A. Russell
b. Musā b. ʿIsā Kamāl al-Din Ebn Elyās b. ʿAbd-Allāh al-Damiri (b. Cairo, A.H. 745/A.D. 1342, d. Cairo, A.H. 808/ A.D. 1405), a tailor turned Shāfiʿi theologian, is best known for his Ḥayātal-ḥayawān (Animal Life).
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DAMPOḴT(AK)
Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar
or DAMĪ, terms referring to rice cooked in a single pot.
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DANCE
A. Shapur Shahbazi, Robyn C. Friend
(raqṣ). Single dancers or groups of dancers represented on pottery from prehistoric Iranian sites (e.g., Tepe Siyalk, Tepe Mūsīān) attest the antiquity of this art in Iran. According to Duris of Samos (apud Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae), the Achaemenid Persians learned to dance, just as they learned to ride horseback.
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DANDĀN ÖILÏQ (“ivory houses”)
Gerd Gropp
lit. “ivory houses”; ruined city located about 50 km north of the Domoko oasis in the eastern portion of the oasis complex of Khotan, in Chinese Turkestan.
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DANDĀNQĀN
C. Edmund Bosworth
a small town of medieval Khorasan, in the Qara Qum, or sandy desert, between Marv and Saraḵs, 10 farsaḵs from the former, on which it was administratively dependent.
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DĀNEŠ (1)
ʿAlī-Akbar Saʿīdī Sīrjānī
pen name of MOʿĪN-AL-WEZĀRA MĪRZĀ REŻĀ KHAN ARFAʿ (Arfaʿ-al-Dawla; ca. 1846-1937), also known as Prince Reżā Arfaʿ, diplomat and poet of the late Qajar period.
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DĀNEŠ (2)
Nassereddin Parvin
lit., “knowledge”; title of seven newspapers and journals published in Persia and the Indian subcontinent, presented here in chronological order.
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DĀNEŠ, AḤMAD MAḴDŪM
Vincent Fourniau
b. Mīr b. Yūsof ḤANAFĪ ṢEDDĪQĪ BOḴĀRĪ (1242-1314/1827-97), known as Aḥmad Kallā and Mohandes (lit., “engineer”), a historian and progressive Tajik writer of Bukhara.
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DĀNEŠ, ḤOSAYN
Peter J. Chelkowski
(b. Istanbul 1870, d. Ankara 1943), a leading Turco-Persian poet, journalist, and scholar who wrote on literary, political, and social issues for many Persian newspapers.
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DĀNEŠ, TAQĪ
Īraj Afšār
(b. Tabrīz, 1861, d. Tehran 24 February 1948), poet and government official.