Figure 1. Photographic postcard of ʿĀREF QAZVĪNĪ. Published by Ali Akbar Jahromi & Co., Bombay, 1921–1922. First Series: Influential Contemporary Figures, No. 13. (Personal Collection of Amirali Ardekanian)
ʿĀREF QAZVĪNĪ, ABU’L-QĀSEM (ca. 1300-1352/1882-1934), poet, musician, and singer during and after the Constitutional Revolution.