Werner Sundermann
Articles by Werner Sundermann
- SCHAEDER, HANS HEINRICH
SCHAEDER, HANS HEINRICH (b. Göttingen 31 January 1896; d. Göttingen 13 March 1957; Figure 1), one of the most creative,…
- MANICHEISM iii. THE MANICHEAN PANDAEMONIUM
MANICHEISM iii. The Manichean Pandaemonium The great importance of demonology in the Manichean doctrine derives from its dualistic character, i.e….
- SCHAEDER, HANS HEINRICH
SCHAEDER, HANS HEINRICH (b. Göttingen 31 January 1896; d. Göttingen 13 March 1957; Plate I), one of the most creative,…
- ESCHATOLOGY ii. Manichean Eschatology
ESCHATOLOGY ii. Manichean Eschatology Manichean eschatology, teachings about final things, provided information on what happened during and after the death…
- COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY iii. In Manicheism
COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY iii. In Manicheism Manicheism, like contemporary Zoroastrianism and various gnostic sects, offered a detailed cosmogonic myth, or…
- COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY iv. In the Mazdakite religion
COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY iv. In the Mazdakite religion The most important source for modern knowledge of Mazdakite cosmogony is the…
- CHRISTIANITY v. Christ in Manicheism
CHRISTIANITY v. Christ in Manicheism In Manicheism, as in earlier gnostic systems, the terms Christ (Gk. “the anointed”) and Jesus…
- FESTIVALS ii. MANICHEAN
ii. MANICHEAN The rationale of the Manichean cult was the release of light. The release of light particles which are…
- FEHREST
FEHREST or Ketāb al-fehrest, a celebrated catalogue of books in Arabic, drafted in 377/987 by Ebn al-Nadīm. i. The Author…
- DĪNĀVARĪYA
DĪNĀVARĪYA (Ar. and Pers.< Mid. Pers. dēnāwar “having religion, pious, upright”), in Manichean usage originally “the elect.” The term was...
- COLOGNE MANI CODEX
COLOGNE MANI CODEX (Codex Manichaicus Coloniensis), a lump of parchment fragments the size of a matchbox, containing a portion of…
- CHAVANNES, EMMANUEL-ÉDOUARD
CHAVANNES, emmanuel-ıdouard (b. Lyons, France, 5 October 1865, d. Fontenay-aux-Roses, 29 January 1918), French sinologist who also contributed to the…
- BRAHM
BRAHM “manner, fashion, costume, etc.,” Middle Persian word borrowed in Parthian and Manichean Sogdian (prxm); Book Pahlavi also has the…
- BODHISATTVA
BODHISATTVA in the Middle Iranian languages. The Sanskrit word Bodhisat(t)va, literally a being (blessed with) understanding, designates someone destined for…
- BIDAXŠ
BIDAXŠ, title of Iranian origin found in various languages from the first to the eighth century. Forms. From Georgia the…
- BĒMA
BĒMA, the chief festival of the Manicheans. The name. The Greek word bēma meant “platform,” “stage,” or “judge’s seat.” A…
- BEAUSOBRE, ISAAC DE
BEAUSOBRE, ISAAC DE (1659-1738), pioneer of modern studies of Manicheism. Beausobre was a Frenchman from a family who had been…
- JUNKER, HEINRICH FRANZ JOSEF
JUNKER, HEINRICH FRANZ JOSEF, scholar of Iranian, Indo-European, Korean, and general linguistics (b. 26 March 1889, Offenbach/Main, Germany; d. 3…
- HYSTASPES, ORACLES OF
HYSTASPES, ORACLES OF (Gk. Khrēseis Hystaspou), a collection of prophecies ascribed to Vištāspa, the patron and follower of Zarathustra, whom…
- HERMAS, THE SHEPHERD OF
HERMAS, THE SHEPHERD OF, title of an early Christian paraenetic apocalypse (Lat. title: Pastor [Hermae], Gk.: Poimēn “Shepherd”), composed in…
- HENNING, WALTER BRUNO
HENNING, WALTER BRUNO (b. Ragnit, East Prussia, 1908; d. Berkeley, Calif., 1967; Figure 1), celebrated Iranist and linguist. An appreciation…
- GRÜNWEDEL, ALBERT
GRÜNWEDEL, ALBERT, prominent German Indologist, Tibetologist, art scholar, and archeologist (b. Munich, 31 July 1856; d., Lenggries, 28 October 1935;…
- GRĪW
GRĪW, a Middle Iranian word (in Manichean Mid. Pers. script gryw, rarely gryyw; in Sogd. script kryw; in Pahl. script…
- GIANTS, THE BOOK OF
GIANTS, THE BOOK OF, a book mentioned as a canonical work of Mani in the Coptic Kephalaia (chap. 148), in…
- ASMUSSEN, Jes Peter
ASMUSSEN, Jes Peter, scholar of Iranian studies (b. 2 November 1928, Aabenraa [Åbenrå], North Sleswig; d. 5 August 2002, Copenhagen)….
- TURFAN EXPEDITIONS
TURFAN EXPEDITIONS, Turfan (also Uigur Turpan, Chin. Tulufan) in Xinjiang (Chinese Turkestan) is the largest oasis (ca. 170 square kilometers)…
- MANICHEISM v. MISSIONARY ACTIVITY AND TECHNIQUE
MANICHEISM v. MISSIONARY ACTIVITY AND TECHNIQUE The main primary sources on the beginning of Manichean missionary work are the Cologne…
- MANICHEISM i. GENERAL SURVEY
MANICHEISM i. General Survey ii. The Manichean Pantheon iii. Buddhist Elements in Manicheism iv. Missionary Activity and Technique v. in…
- MANI
MANI, the founder of the religion of Manicheism in the 3rd century CE. As the founder of the Manichean religion,…
- BELLES LETTRES i. SASANIAN IRAN
BELLES LETTRES i. SASANIAN IRAN Belles lettres in Middle Iranian literatures. Belles lettres, that is, entertaining works, are not lacking…
- MITHRA iii. IN MANICHEISM
MITHRA iii. IN MANICHEISM The Iranian Manicheans adopted the name of the Zoroastrian god Mithra (Av. Miθra; Mid. Pers. Mihr)…
- MANICHEISM ii. THE MANICHEAN PANTHEON
MANICHEISM ii. THE MANICHEAN PANTHEON In this article, the gods of the Manicheans are considered collectively with regards to their…