AQ QOYUNLŪ or WHITE SHEEP, a confederation of Turkman tribes who ruled in eastern Anatolia and western Iran until the…

ʿALĀʾ-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD, naqīb of Isfahan in the Timurid period and ancestor of prominent religious-legal dignitaries of the Safavid period. On…

AFŻAL-AL-DĪN TORKA, name of three figures from Isfahan. 1. The only thing known about the first is that he was…