Philippe Gignoux
- HAJIABAD ii. THE TEXTS
The Hajiabad inscription reads: “This (is) the bowshot of me, the Mazda-worshipping god Shapur, king of kings of Eran and…
- BAHMAN ii. In the Pahlavi texts
ii. In the Pahlavi Texts In the Zoroastrian tradition Bahman is the first of the Aməša Spəntas and the protector…
- SYRIAC LANGUAGE ii. SYRIAC WRITINGS ON PRE-ISLAMIC IRAN
SYRIAC LANGUAGE ii. SYRIAC WRITINGS ON PRE-ISLAMIC IRAN The Syriac works which provide information about pre-Islamic Iran can be divided…
- ĀDUR-ANĀHĪD
ĀDUR-ANĀHĪD, 3rd century A.D. Sasanian “queen of queens.” The name is probably a compound of two associated deities, Fire and…
- AHLAW
AHLAW (Ahlav; written ʾhlwb), a middle Persian term which plays a fundamental role in Mazdean soteriology and which is usually…
- ANĒRĀN
Figure 1. Intaglio of Šāpūr I. Garnet. Bibliothèque nationale de France (1970.392) ANĒRĀN “non-Iran,” Middle Persian ethno-linguistic term generally used…
- ARDĀ WĪRĀZ
ARDĀ WĪRĀZ, “Wīrāz the just” (i.e., “the justified, the blessed”), principal character of the Zoroastrian Middle Persian text Ardā Wīrāz-nāmag…
- ĀZARMĪGDUXT
ĀZARMĪGDUXT (Pers. Āzarmīdoḵt, Arzmīdoḵt, Arzmīndoḵt, Āzarūmīddoḵt), Sasanian queen who according to Ṭabarī ruled for a few months in 630. She…
- MOLÉ, MARIJAN
MOLÉ, MARIJAN (b. Ljubljana, 28 July 1924; d. Paris, 6 May 1963; Plate I), distinguished scholar of Middle and Modern…
- MIRACLES i. In Ancient Iranian Tradition
MIRACLES i. In Ancient Iranian Tradition The written accounts of miracles in ancient Iran, both those relating to Zoroaster and…
- SYRIAC LANGUAGE iii. Syriac Translators as the Medium for Transmission of Greek Ideas to Sasanian Iran
SYRIAC LANGUAGE iii. Syriac Translators as the Medium for Transmission of Greek Ideas to Sasanian Iran In 2005, Sebastian Brock…
- GREECE xvi. Greek Ideas and Sciences in Sasanian Iran
The arrival in Iran of Greek ideas and sciences cannot be traced only through directly translated texts. It must also…
- MENASCE, JEAN PIERRE DE
MENASCE, JEAN PIERRE DE (b. Alexandria, Egypt, 24 December 1902; d. Paris, 24 November 1973), an eminent Iranist and historian…
- TAFAŻŻOLI, AḤMAD
TAFAŻŻOLI, AḤMAD (b. Isfahan, 16 Āḏar 1316 Š./7 December 1937; d. Tehran, 24 Dey 1375/13 January 1997, Figure 1), a…
- COURTS AND COURTIERS ii. In the Parthian and Sasanian periods
COURTS AND COURTIERS ii. In the Parthian and Sasanian periods In the absence of records, a full picture of court…
- ĒWĒNBED
ĒWĒNBED (master of manners; ʾdwynpty: KKZ 8, KNRm 25; cf. Gignoux, 1972, p. 15; also read āyēnbed), Pahlavi title attested…
- DIRHAM
DIRHAM (< Gk. drakhmē´ “drachma”; Mid. Pers. drahm, Pers. derham), a unit of silver coinage and of weight. i. In…
- DINAR
DINAR (NPers. dīnār, Mid. Pers dēnār < Lat. denarius aureus), a gold coin. i. In pre-Islamic Persia. ii. In Islamic…
- DĒNKARD
DĒNKARD (lit., “Acts of the religion”), written in Pahlavi, is a summary of 10th-century knowledge of the Mazdean religion; the…
- DĒNAG
DĒNAG (< Mid. Pers. dēn, q.v.), name of several Sasanian queens; it was not feminine by derivation but was clearly...
- DASTGERD
DASTGERD (< *dasta-kṛta “made by hand, handiwork”), a term originally designating a royal or seigneurial estate. It is doubtful that...
- CHILIARCH
CHILIARCH, Greek title of one of the chief offices of state in Achaemenid Persia, presumably translated from Old Persian hazārapati-,…
- BESMELLĀH
BESMELLĀH, Islamic formula meaning “in the name of God,” more fully Besmellāh al-raḥmān al-raḥīm “in the name of God, the…
- HELL i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM
HELL i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM Hell is not explicitly mentioned in the Gathas. There are only allusions made to it, if…
- HEALTH IN PERSIA i. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD
HEALTH IN PERSIA i. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD Health and medicine are clearly defined in Pahlavi literature in the philosophical and moral…
- HAMĒSTAGĀN
HAMĒSTAGĀN, a word of uncertain etymology, used in Pahlavi literature to designate the intermediate stage between paradise and hell (see…
- HAJIABAD i. INSCRIPTIONS
The Hajiabad inscriptions were discovered by Robert Ker Porter at Ḥājiābād in 1818 in a grotto a few kilometers north…
- HAJIABAD
HAJIABAD (Ḥājiābād) INSCRIPTIONS, bilingual inscription of Šāpur I on the wall of Ḥājiābād cave near Persepolis. i. The Inscriptions ii….
- FRANCE xii(b). IRANIAN STUDIES IN FRANCE: PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD
FRANCE xii(b). IRANIAN STUDIES IN FRANCE: PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD Partly because of the long tradition of philological studies in France which…
- ZĀDSPRAM
ZĀDSPRAM, a 9th-century Zoroastrian scholar and author. He was one of the four sons of Gušn-Jam (or Juwānjam, according to…
- MARICQ, André
MARICQ, André, an eminently gifted epigrapher who died prematurely at the age of 34 (b. 29 November 1925 in Genval,…
- SHAMANISM
SHAMANISM AND ITS CONNECTION TO IRAN. Archeological and ethnological sources in Iran do not lead to confirmation of the existence…
- DRIYŌŠĀN JĀDAG-GŌW UD DĀDWAR
DRIYŌŠĀNJĀDAG-GŌW UD DĀDWAR, Middle Persian title of a Sasanian official, “intercessor and judge of the poor.” The first word is…
- MICROCOSM and MACROCOSM
MICROCOSM and MACROCOSM in pre-Islamic Iranian thought. The theory of microcosm and macrocosm, i.e., of the correspondence between the different…
- PAHLAVI PSALTER
PAHLAVI PSALTER, name given to a fragment, consisting of twelve pages written on both sides, of a Mid. Pers. translation…