The growth of the graphic arts in Persia was in direct proportion to the modernization of the country. As Persia…

ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI iii. THE PASSION (TAʿZIA) OF ḤOSAYN The taʿzia (literally “mourning”) is a dramatic form which Shiʿite Muslims…

TAʿZIA, Arabic verbal noun from form II ʿazza (‘to express sympathy with, to console, to mourn’), a term used for…

NAḴL, one of the principal objects related to the mourning rituals commemorating the suffering and martyrdom of Imam Ḥosayn b….

DASTA, the most common term for a ritual procession held in the Islamic lunar month of Moḥarram (q.v.) and the…

DĀNEŠ, ḤOSAYN (حسین دانش)(b. Istanbul 1286/1870, d. Ankara 1322 Š./1943), a leading Turco-Persian poet, journalist, and scholar. Dāneš, the son…