CONTI, NICOLO` DE’ (1395-ca. 1469), Venetian merchant who traveled in the east from 1414 until 1438. He first learned Arabic…

ITALY viii. PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTS Italy houses 439 Persian manuscripts in two public archives and thirty public libraries located in fifteen…

IGNATIUS OF JESUS (Ignazio di Gesù). An Italian missionary in Persia and a scholar of the Persian language. Carlo Leonelli…

ḴAMSA OF JAMĀLI, a suite of five mathnawis (maṯnawis, poems in couplet form), composed in response to the Ḵamsa by Neẓāmi (1141-1209)….

ḴOSROW O ŠIRIN AND ITS IMITATIONS. Ḵosrow o Širin, the second poem of Neẓāmi’s Ḵamsa, recounts the amorous relationship between…