KAŠKUL , an illustrated satirical weekly published in Tehran and Isfahan (1907-8, 1909). Kaškul (lit. alms gourd carried by mendicant dervishes,…

ʿENĀYAT, MAḤMUD (b. Tehran, 23 August 1932; d. Los Angeles, 17 January 2013; Figure 1), Iranian essayist, publisher, and translator….

DĀR AL-FONŪN (lit., “polytechnic college”), a college founded in Tehran in 1268/1851 by Mīrzā Ṭāqī Khan Amīr-e Kabīr, which marked…

JOURNALISM IN IRAN i. QAJAR PERIOD The process of gathering, writing, and presenting articles for newspapers gradually emerged and developed…