significant political figure (d.  1494), active in the administration of the Timurid ruler Solṭān-Ḥosayn Bāyqarā. MAJD-AL-DIN ḴᵛĀFI, significant political figure (d. Ḏu’l-qaʿda…

EḴTĪĀR-AL-DĪN, the citadel of Herat (referred to in the sources as qalʿa, ḥeṣār), located on an elevation adjacent to the…

ḤĀFEẒ-E ABRU, Timurid historian known by this laqab, whose full name was ʿAbd-Allāh (or Nur-Allāh) b. Loṭf-Allāh b. ʿAbd-al-Rašid Behdādini…