Mansour Shaki
(1919-2000), Iranian philologist and specialist in the field of Middle Persian studies with a focus on social, economic, and ideological issues of the Sasanian period. See SHAKI, MANSOUR.
- DĀM PEZEŠKĪ i. In the pre-Islamic period
i. In the Pre-Islamic Period Widespread and developed animal husbandry, which was a prominent feature of Iranian economic and social…
- FALSAFA i. PRE-ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY
Pre-Islamic philosophy, which may be called Mazdean philosophy, is a syncretic system incorporating various Greek thought, predominantly Peripatetic and Neo-Platonic….
- AZIŠMĀND
AZIŠMĀND, one of the few Middle Persian exclusively legal terms designating “obstructed or hampered justice” (see Shaki, “The Obstruction of…
- AYŌKĒN
AYŌKĒN, a Middle Persian legal term denoting the category of persons to whom descends the obligation of stūrīh (marriage by…
- DARVĪŠ i. In the pre-Islamic period
i. IN THE PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD In Book VI of the Dēnkard, which deals in some detail with the driyōš and…
- FAMILY LAW i. In Zoroastrianism
i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM Mazdean family law is the most extensive and involved section of the civil code as set forth…
- CITIZENSHIP ii. In the Sasanian Period
CITIZENSHIP ii. In the Sasanian Period In the Sasanian period citizenship was closely bound up with the individual’s social class,…
- CLASS SYSTEM iii. In the Parthian and Sasanian Periods
CLASS SYSTEM iii. In the Parthian and Sasanian Periods Parthian period The scant and fragmentary information available on the Parthian…
- CHILDREN iii. Legal Rights of Children in the Sasanian Period
CHILDREN iii. Legal Rights of Children in the Sasanian Period Although the corpus of Sasanian civil law was designed primarily…
- ĒMĒD Ī AŠAWAHIŠTĀN
ĒMĒDĪ AŠAWAHIŠTĀN, RIVĀYATĪ (Exposition [of Zoroastrian doctrines] by Ēmēd, son of Ašawahišt), a major 10th-century Pahlavi work comprising forty-four questions…
- ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS i. In Zoroastrianism. ii. In Manicheism. iii. In Persian. i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM In Mazdean cosmogony two diverse accounts are…
- DŪZAḴ
DŪZAḴ (Av. dužaŋhu: Yt. 19.44, daožahu-: Vd. 19.47; OIr. *daušaxva-; Mid. Pers. dwšḥwˈ/došaxw/dušox; Inscriptional Middle Persian dwšḥwy; Man. Mid. Pers….
- DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENTS, production and registration of. i. In pre-Islamic periods. ii. Babylonian and Egyptian documents in the Achaemenid period. iii. In…
- DIVORCE
DIVORCE, legal termination of marriage. In the following series of articles only those communities are taken into consideration which are…
- DEŽ Ī NEBEŠT
DEŽĪ NEBEŠT (Mid. Pers. diz ī nibišt “fortress of archives,” lit. “writing”), supposedly one of two repositories (the other being…
- DĒN
DĒN (Av. daēnā, trisyllabic in Old Av., disyllabic in Young Av.; Mid. Pers. dēn; NPers. dīn), theological and metaphysical term…
- DASTŪR
DASTŪR (Pahl. dstwbl, Man. Mid. Pers. dstwr, Man. Parth. dstbr, Pāzand and NPers. dastūr, all < OIr. *dasta-bara-(?), the first...
- DAHRĪ
DAHRĪ (< Ar.-Pers. dahr “time, eternity”), a theological term referring either to an atheist or to an adherent of the...
- DADWAR, DADWARIH
DĀDWAR, DĀDWARĪH (respectively judge, administrator of justice, lawgiver, lit., “bearer of law”; Man. Mid. Pers. dʾywr, Man. Parth. dʾdbʾr, Inscr….
- DĀDESTĀN Ī DĒNĪG
DĀDESTĀN Ī DĒNĪG (Religious judgements), Pahlavi work by Manūščihr, high priest of the Persian Zoroastrian community in the 9th century…
- DADESTAN
DĀDESTĀN (dād “law,” with the formative suffix -stān), a Middle Persian term used with denotations and connotations that vary with the…
- DĀD NASK
DĀD NASK (law book), one of the three divisions of the Avesta, comprising seven nasks, subdivided into the five strictly…
- DĀD (1)
DĀD (Av. dāta- “law, right, rule, regulation, statute, command, institution, decision” [AirWb., col. 726]; Mid. Pers. dād “law, canon, regulation,…
- CONTRACTS
CONTRACTS (usually ʿaqd), legally enforceable undertakings between two or more consenting parties. Contract law is concerned with such questions as…
- ČĪDAG ANDARZ Ī PŌRYŌTKĒŠĀN
ČĪDAG ANDARZ Ī PŌRYŌTKĒŠĀN (Selected precepts of the ancient sages), a post-Sasanian compendium of apothegms intended to instruct every Zoroastrian…
- ČAKAR
ČAKAR, a Middle Persian legal term denoting a widow who at the death of her “authorized” (pādixšāyīhā, q.v.) husband without…
- BŪDAG
BŪDAG, a Middle Persian philosophical and legal term with specialized meanings. Formally it is a nominal derivative in -ak/g of…
- JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS ii. PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEMS
JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS ii. Parthian and Sasanian Judicial Systems Parthian Period In regard to the administration and organizations of…
- HAFTĀNBŌXT
HAFTĀNBŌXT, traditional reading of the name of a legendary warlord in southern Persia, mentioned in the Kār-nāmag ī Ardašīr ī…
- Greece iv. Greek Influence on Persian Thought
GREECE iv. GREEK INFLUENCE ON PERSIAN THOUGHT After the conquest of Ionia (OPers. yauna-, Mid. Pers. and NPers. yūnān “Greece”),…
- GAYŌMART
GAYŌMART (Gayūmarṯ, Kayūmarṯ; Mid. Pers. Gayōmart/d, Av. gaya marətan “mortal life,” Man. Gehmurd; Ar. Jayūmart), the sixth of the heptad…
- GABR
GABR (gabrak, gawr, gaur “Zoroastrian”; gabrī, gabrakī “Zoroastrianism”), a New Persian term deriving, in all likelihood, from Aramaic GBRʾ/gabrā (lit….