M. Jamil Hanifi
- KANDAHAR vi. 20th Century, 1901-73
KANDAHAR vi. 20th Century, 1901-73 Like other pre-industrial urban areas of Afghanistan, Kandahar expanded substantially during the second half of…
- JERGA
JERGA, an assembly or council of local adult men sitting in a circular formation for the resolution of conflicts and…
- JĀT
JĀT, a contested and ambiguous label for several non-food-producing, peripatetic, itinerant communities in Afghanistan (Rao, 1982; idem, 2004; Olesen) and…
- JABBĀR ḴĒL
JABBĀR ḴĒL (or Jabar Ḵēl or Khan Ḵēl), the leading lineage of the Solaymān Ḵēl Paxtun tribe of the Ḡalzi/Ḡilzi tribal…
- HELMAND RIVER i. GEOGRAPHY
HELMAND RIVER i. GEOGRAPHY At approximately 1,300 km (800 miles), the Helmand River is the longest river in Afghanistan. Originating…
- ḠŌRBAND
ḠŌRBAND (ḠURBAND), a major valley of Kōhe-stān/Kuhestān and a sub-province (woloswāli) of Parvān province in the southern foothills of the…
- ḠILZĪ
ḠILZĪ or ḠALZĪ (Pashtu/Paxtu plural of sg. masc. Ḡilzāy and sg. fem. Ḡilzey), one of three major Pashtun/Paxtun tribal confederations…
- GANDĀPŪR, ŠĒR MOḤAMMAD KHAN
GANDĀPŪR, ŠĒR-MOḤAMMAD Khan b. Mehrdād Khan b. Āzād Khan, author of the Persian Tawārīḵ-e ḵoršīd-e jahān, an important chronicle containing…
- GANDĀPŪR
GANDĀPŪR, one of two Šērānī Pashtun/Paxtun tribal segments (the other being the Baḵtīār), who claim origin in southwestern Afghanistan and…
- GANDOMAK, TREATY OF
GANDOMAK, Treaty of, an agreement between Amir Moḥammad-Yaʿqub of Afghanistan (r. February to October 1879) and Major Pierre Louis Napoléon…