Jean Calmard
Articles by Jean Calmard
- KERMANSHAH iv. History from the Arab Conquest to 1953 [2015]
KERMANSHAH iv. History from the Arab Conquest to 1953 The town and province of Kermanshah (or Kermānšāhān) are located on…
- KAZERUN ii. History
KAZERUN ii. History According to legend, Kazerun resulted from the merging of the three villages Nurd, Darist (Darbast, Daris), and…
- KAZERUN i. Geography
KAZERUN i. Geography Covering an area of 4,062 sq. km, the sub-province (šahrestān) of Kazerun is bounded by the sub-provinces…
- FEUVRIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE
FEUVRIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE, called Joannès (b. Saulx, near Vesoul, Haute-Saône, France, 6 October 1842; d. Saulx, 29 November 1926; Figure 1),…
- FĀṬEMA
FĀṬEMA, daughter of the Prophet Moḥammad. i. In history and Shiʿite hagiography. ii. In myth, folklore, and popular devotion. i….
- KERMANSHAH iv. HISTORY TO 1953
KERMANSHAH iv. HISTORY TO 1953 The town and province of Kermanshah (or Kermānšāhān) are located on the strategic travel route,…
- EBN ZĪĀD, ʿOBAYD-ALLĀH
EBN ZĪĀD, ʿOBAYD-ALLĀH (b. ca. 28/648), Omayyad governor responsible for the death of the Imam Ḥosayn b. ʿAlī. He was…
- EBN SAʿD, ʿOMAR
EBN SAʿD, ʿOMAR (k. Kūfa 66/686), commander of the Omayyad troops at Karbalāʾ. Son of the famous Arab general Saʿd…
- ḎU’L-JANĀḤ
ḎU’L-JANĀḤ, Imam Ḥosayn’s winged horse, known from popular literature and rituals. Ḏu’l-Janāḥ was mentioned in medieval narratives of Ḥosayn’s martyrdom…
- ḎU’L-FAQĀR
ḎU’L-FAQĀR (lit., “provided with notches, grooves, vertebrae”), the “miraculous sword” of Imam ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb, with two blades or…
- DIEULAFOY, JANE HENRIETTE MAGRE
DIEULAFOY, JANE HENRIETTE MAGRE (b. Toulouse, 29 June 1851, d. Château de Langlade, Haute-Garonne, 25 May 1916), French archeologist, explorer,…
- CHODŹKO, ALEKSANDER BOREJKO
CHODŹKO, ALEKSANDER BOREJKO (b. 30 August 1804, in Krzywicze, Poland in the Russian Empire [the city is now in Belarus],…
- BEREZIN, IL’YA NIKOLAEVICH
BEREZIN, IL’YA NIKOLAEVICH (1818-96), Russian orientalist known for his works on Iranian, Arabic, and Turkish philology and dialectology and on…
- JAMKARĀN
JAMKARĀN, a village near Qom, located 6 km south of it on the Qom-Kashan highway. It includes the mazraʿas of…
- HUART, CLÉMENT
HUART, CLÉMENT (Marie-Clément Imbault-Huart, dit), French orientalist (b. 16 February 1854 in Paris, d. 30 December 1926 in Paris). He…
- ḤOSAYNIYA-YE MOŠIR
ḤOSAYNIYA-YE MOŠIR, a ḥosayniya (q.v.) building located near the Bahārband-e Mošir in the Sang-e Siāh quarter of Shiraz, which is…
- ḤOSAYNIYA
ḤOSAYNIYA, buildings specifically designed to serve as venues for Moḥarram ceremonies commemorating the martyrdom of Ḥosayn b. ʿAli (q.v.), and…
- ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI ii. IN POPULAR SHIʿISM
ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI ii. IN POPULAR SHIʿISM Imam Ḥosayn’s revolt and tragic death at Karbalā in present-day Iraq (10 Moḥarram…
- ḤORR-E RIĀḤI
ḤORR-E RIĀḤI AL-ḤORR B. YAZID al-Riāḥi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi, a leading tribesman in Kufa, who obeyed the orders of ʿObayd-Allāh b….
- ḤEJLA
ḤEJLA, a bridal chamber (ḥejla-ye ʿarusi) built generally in the shape of a curtained canopy by a ḥejla-sāz (Dehḵodā, Loḡat-nāma,…
- GOBINEAU, Joseph Arthur de
GOBINEAU, Joseph Arthur de, (b. Ville-d’Avray, near Paris, 14 July 1816; d. Turin, 13 October 1882), French man of letters,…
- GARDANE MISSION
GARDANE MISSION (1807-09), a diplomatic and military project between France and Persia which represented Napoleon’s last attempt to realize his…
- FRANCE ii. RELATIONS WITH PERSIA TO 1789
FRANCE ii. RELATIONS WITH PERSIA TO 1789 The Pre-Safavid period. In the early Middle Ages, Persia was perceived by the…
- FRANCE i. Introduction
FRANCE. i. INTRODUCTION Compared to the long-standing history of Persian civilization, France emerged as a powerful entity endowed with its…
- FLANDIN AND COSTE
FLANDIN AND COSTE, a French painter and an architect renowned for their outstanding illustrated account of their travels in Persia…
- MOḤAMMAD SHAH QĀJĀR
MOḤAMMAD SHAH QĀJĀR, (b. Tabriz, 6 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1222/5 January 1808; d. Tehran, 6 Šawwāl 1264/5 September 1848), the third ruler…