FERRIER, JOSEPHE-PIERRE, 19th-century French traveler. Little biographical information survives relating to this intrepid explorer in Afghanistan. A professional soldier who…

FEREŠTA, TĀRĪḴ-E, popular title of Golšan-e ebrāhīmī, a general history of Muslim India by M oḥammad-Qāsem Hendušāh Astarābādī (b. Astarābād…

FARMĀNFARMĀ, ḤOSAYN-ʿALĪ MĪRZĀ (b. Lārījān, 12 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 1203/2 Sept. 1789; d. Tehran, 26 Rabīʿ I 1251/22 July 1835), the fifth…

DELHI SULTANATE, Muslim kingdom established in northern India by Central Asian Turkish warlords at the turn of the 13th century…

HAZĀRSOTUN, the palace-complex of Moḥammad b. Toḡloq (725-752/1325-1551) at Jahānpanāh (Delhi). The original palace was built by ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Ḵalji (695-715/1296-1316)…

GULBARGA (Golbargā), city and district in the central Deccan, India. The city, located at 17° 21′ N and 76° 51′…

GUJARAT (Skt. Gurjará), a province of India on its northwestern coastline. Gujarat derives its name from the Indo-Iranian Gujar tribes,…