ELGOOD, CYRIL LLOYD (1893-1970), British historian of medicine in Persia. After attending Oxford University, he volunteered for war service and…

BORHĀN-AL-DĪN, ḴᵛĀJA ABŪ NAṢR FATḤ-ALLĀH, a vizier eulogized by Ḥāfeẓ in two ḡazals (nos. 374 and 478). He was a…

BADĪHA-SARĀʾĪ, composition and utterance of something improvised (badīh), usually in verse. Among the Arabs, poetic improvisation (ertejāl, a term used…

AFŠĪN B. DĪVDĀD, ABU’L-MOSĀFER or ABŪ ʿOBAYDALLĀH MOḤAMMAD, founder of the semi-independent Sajid dynasty in Azerbaijan (r. 276/889-90-317/929). He and…