Eckart Ehlers
Articles by Eckart Ehlers
- KHORASAN
A version of this article is available in print Volume XVI, Fascicle 6, pp. 591-672 KHORASAN, a historical region with…
- KHORRAMSHAHR
KHORRAMSHAHR (Ḵorramšahr; formerly known as Moḥammara), port city at the confluence of the rivers Karun and the Shatt al-Arab (qq.v.),…
- KHORRAMABAD
KHORRAMABAD (Ḵorramābād), a town and district in Lorestān, Central Zagros. Khorramabad and Lorestān have both been of great historical importance…
- KHORRAMSHAHR i. PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
KHORRAMSHAHR i. Physical and Human Geography From the end of the 19th century onwards, Khorramshahr developed into Iran’s major commercial…
- SAFIDRUD
SAFIDRUD (lit. White River), the Amardos of the Classical sources, the largest Iranian river discharging into the Caspian Sea, which it…
- NOMADISM
NOMADISM, a way of life and human existence that is connected with permanent and more or less regular movements of…
- SABALĀN MOUNTAIN
SABALĀN MOUNTAIN (Kuh-e-Sabalān; 4,740 m), the highest and spatially most extended volcano in northwestern Iran. The mountain and its surroundings…
- SAHAND MOUNTAIN
SAHAND MOUNTAIN (Kuh-e Sahand), With 3710 m the third of the great volcanoes in the volcano province of Eastern Anatolia and…
- CITIES iv. Modern Urbanization and Modernization in Persia
CITIES iv. Modern Urbanization and Modernization in Persia Over a period of decades the rapidly growing population of Persia has…
- ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY, the study of organisms, both flora and fauna, in relation to their environments. The biosphere generally encompasses the thin…
- DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE, the carrying away of excess surface water through runoff in permanent or intermittent streams. On Persian territory, because of…
- DAŠT
DAŠT (plain, open ground) ,Persian term for a very specific type of landscape. In scientific geographical literature it is applied…
- CLOUDS
CLOUDS (Skt. abhrá-, Av. aβra-, Sogd. ʾβr, Khot. pyaurā- [< *pari-abrā-, but aurā- “sky”], Pashto wryaj fem. [< *abračī], Pers....
- CLIMATE
CLIMATE. Both the climate of Persia as a whole and the differences in weather among its various regions are determined…
- COTTON i. Introduction
COTTON i. Introduction Cotton (panba < Mid. Pers. pambag; katān; in Isfahan kolūza; genus Gossypium), particularly the short-staple species Gossypium...
- ČAŠMA
ČAŠMA (spring). Although mainly characterized by dry and arid climatic conditions, Iran and Afghanistan, as well as wide parts of…
- ČĀH-BAHĀR
ČĀH-BAHĀR (in Western sources written Chahbar, Charbar, Chobar), name of a town and bay on the Makrān coast of Persian…
- ČAHĀR MAḤĀ(L) WA BAḴTĪĀRĪ
ČAHĀR MAḤĀ(L) WA BAḴTĪĀRĪ, second smallest province (ostān) of Persia in area (Farajī et al., II, p. 533; after Kūhgīlūya…
- BORŪJERD
BORŪJERD (or Barūjerd), town and šahrestān in the province of Lorestān in western Iran. Situated along the highway between Tehran…
- BOJNŪRD
BOJNŪRD, a town and district in Khorasan. i. The town and district. ii. History. iii. Basic population data, 1956-2011. …
- BĪNĀLŪD, KŪH-E
BĪNĀLŪD, KŪH-E, mountain range in northeastern Iran between Mašhad in the east and Nīšāpūr in the west with elevations of…
- BĪJĀR
BĪJĀR, a town and a šahrestān (county) in the Kurdistan province of Iran. The town, which has the highest elevation…
- BĪĀBĀNAK
BĪĀBĀNAK, a group of oasis settlements in central Iran. Located approximately between 54° 15’ and 55° 15’ E and 35°…
- BEHŠAHR
BEHŠAHR, older Ašraf, a town situated at 36°41′55″ north latitude and 53°32′30″ east longitude in the eastern part of central…
- KARḴEH RIVER
KARḴEH RIVER (Rud-e Karḵeh), the third longest river in Iran after the rivers Karun and Safidrud,flowing in the western provinces of the…
- ĀSTĀNA
ĀSTĀNA, town and district in the province of Gilān. The town, also called Āstāna-ye ašrafiya, is located at lat 37°16′…
- HĀMUN, DARYĀČA-YE
HĀMUN, DARYĀČA-YE (Lake Hāmun, lit. “lake of the plain, lowland”), also called Hāmun-e Helmand (Av. Haētumant- “provided with banks,” AirWb.,…
- HĀMUN, DARYĀČA-YE i. GEOGRAPHY
HĀMUN i. GEOGRAPHY The Sistān basin is the easternmost endorheic basin in Persia, draining a watershed 350,000 km2, of which…
- GORGĀN ii. Dašt-e Gorgān
GORGĀN ii. Dašt-e Gorgān Dašt-e Gorgān is the designation of a steppe-region of approximately 10,000 km2 near the southeastern edge…
- GLACIERS
GLACIERS and ice fields in Persia. Due to Persia’s location in the very center of the arid dry belt, stretching…
- GEOLOGY
GEOLOGY. This article is concerned with those aspects of the geology of Persia that are of immediate economic and cultural…
- GAČSĀRĀN
GAČSĀRĀN, town and oilfield in the province of Ḵūzestān, southwestern Persia. Gačsārān, located in the arid foothills of the Zagros,…
- FORESTS AND FORESTRY i. In Persia
FORESTS AND FORESTRY i. IN PERSIA Less than 2 percent of Persia is covered by forests, while another 8 to…
- FLOODS
FLOODS (sayl, sayl-āb) in Persia. i. Geographical Survey. ii. Historical Survey. i. GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY A common saying holds that…