HAFEZ iv. LEXICAL STRUCTURE OF HAFEZ’S GHAZALS In describing the lexical structure of Hafez’s ghazals, we must consider three main…

SALJUQS v. SALJUQID LITERATURE The term ‘Saljuqid literature’is used here to refer to literary works in Persian produced between 432/1040…

ʿOBAYD ZĀKĀNI, Ḵᵛāja Neẓām-al-Din ʿObayd-Allāh Zākāni of Qazvin, a Persian poet from the Mongol period (d. ca. 770/1370), renowned above…

ITALY x. LIRICA PERSICA The name of a project set up in 1989 by the School of Persian Literary Studies…

KALIM KĀŠĀNI, Abu Ṭāleb (b. Hamadān, ca. 990-94/1581-85; d. Kashmir, 15 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 1061/28 November 1651), Persian poet and one of…

MOḴTĀR-NĀMA, a wide-ranging collection of quatrains (2088 in number) attributed to the mystic poet Farid-al-Din ʿAṭṭār (q.v.; ca. 1145-46/1221). It…