FREEMASONRY

FREEMASONRY

This famous fraternal order, bound by rituals and secret oaths, was introduced to Persia and adopted by Persian notables in the 19th century. It developed in the early 20th century and burgeoned in the period from 1950-78. Its practice still continues among some middle- and upper-class Persians in exile at the turn of the 21st century. The topic will be treated in five parts:

i. Introduction.

ii. The Qajar period.

iii. The Pahlavi period.

iv. The 1979 Revolution.

v. In Exile.

(Multiple Authors)

Originally Published: December 15, 2000

Last Updated: January 31, 2012

This article is available in print.
Vol. X, Fasc. 2, pp. 205-221