BĀTMAN, a measure of weight, the same as mann (q.v.) but more common in Central Asia, especially in modern times….

BARTHOLD, VASILIĭ VLADIMIROVICH, Russian Orientalist (1869-1930). He was born on 15 November 1869 in St. Petersburg, to a Russianized German…

ʿABDALLĀH KHAN B. ESKANDAR, a ruler of Transoxania of the Šaybānīd (q.v.) dynasty, born in the year of the Dragon…

ʿABD-AL-ʿAZĪZ SOLṬĀN B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH KHAN, Shaibanid ruler of Bokhara. He was born in Bokhara in 917/1511-12 or in 918/1512-13, according…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN B. MOḤAMMAD LAṬĪF MOSTAJERR SAMARQANDĪ, MĪRZĀ MOLLĀ, late 19th century secretary (mīrzā). A Tajik, he was a native of…

ABU’L-ḴAYR KHAN B. DAWLAT SHAIKH OḠLĀN, of the descendants of Šïban (the younger son of Joči), the ruler of the…

ABŪ SAʿĪD KHAN B. KUČKUNČI, cousin of Šaybānī Khan and great-grandson of Uluḡ Beg in the female line, khan of…

ʿARABŠĀHĪ, a dynasty of Chingisid origin that ruled in Ḵᵛārazm from the beginning of the 10th/16th century. The name, accepted…

KHIVA, a city in the south of the oasis of Khorezm (Ḵᵛārazm; see CHORASMIA), in the lower course of the…

CENTRAL ASIA vii. In the 18th-19th Centuries I. From the fall of the Toqay-Timurids through the Russian conquest. By the…

BUKHARA iv. The Khanate of Bukhara and Khorasan The first distinctive political separation of Trans­oxania from Persia took place in…

BUKHARA iii. After the Mongol Invasion The Mongol period. The city of Bukhara was con­quered by Chingiz Khan on 4…

BŪSTĀNĪ, MĪRZĀ MOḤAMMAD ʿABD-AL-ʿAẒĪM SĀMĪ (commonly known as Mīrzā ʿAẓīm Sāmī), poet and historian of Bukhara, born ca. 1256/1840 in…

BĪGĀR, BĪGĀRĪ, a term of taxation in Iran and central Asia, generally meaning “corvée,” the duty of supplying workers without…

BEHBŪDĪ, MOLLĀ MAḤMŪD ḴᵛĀJA, one of the leaders of the Jadīd movement in Central Asia in the 1900s-1910s, journalist and…

IVANOV, PAVEL PETROVICH, (b. Siberia, February 1893; d. Leningrad, 3 February 1942; FIGURE 1). In the early 1900s his family…

ILBĀRS KHAN, name of two rulers of Ḵᵛārazm in the 16th and 18th centuries. (1) Ilbārs Khan b. Buräkä (or…

HISTORIOGRAPHY xii. CENTRAL ASIA The first Persian historical work produced in Central Asia (Transoxiana, Ḵʷārazm, Farḡāna, and Eastern Turkestan) was…

ḤEṢĀR, the name of a region in the eastern part of Transoxania, in the upper course of the Sorḵān Daryā…

STOREY, Charles Ambrose, British orientalist, author of the bio-bibliographical survey of Persian literature (b. Blackhill, Durham, England, 21 August 1888,…

ABU’L-KHAYRIDS, the name used for the dynasty that ruled the khanate of Bukhara in 906-1007/1500-99. Until recently, this dynasty was…