EDUCATION (Pers. āmūzeš o parvareš; earlier Ar. Per. taʿlīm o tarbīat) in Iranian-speaking areas.

 

1. Ancient and Traditional

i. In the Achaemenid period

ii. In the Parthian and Sasanian periods

iii. The traditional elementary school (maktab)

iv. The medieval madrasa

v. The madrasa in Shiʿite Persia

vi. The madrasa in Sunni Kurdistan

2. Modern

vii. General survey of modern education

viii. Nursery schools and kindergartens

ix. Primary schools

x. Middle and secondary schools

xi. Private schools and educational groups

xii. Vocational and technical schools

xiii. Rural and tribal schools

xiv. Special schools

xv. Foreign and minority schools in Persia

xvi. School textbooks

xvii. Higher education

xviii. Teachers’-training schools

xix. Teachers’-training colleges

xx. Adult education

xxi. Education abroad

xxii. Physical education. See PHYSICAL EDUCATION.

xxiii. Military education. See MILITARY EDUCATION.

xxiv. Education in postrevolutionary Persia, 1979-95

3.Women’s Education

xxv. Women’s education in the Qajar period

xxvi. Women’s education in the Pahlavi period and after

4.Education in Afghanistan and Tajikistan

xxvii. In Afghanistan

xxviii. In Tajikistan

 

(Multiple Authors)

Originally Published: December 15, 1997

Last Updated: December 8, 2011

This article is available in print.
Vol. VIII, Fasc. 2, pp. 178-224 and Vol. VIII, Fasc. 3, pp