Table of Contents
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JULFA
Multiple Authors
short for New Julfa, a large settlement on the southwestern edge of Isfahan, established by Armenian refugees in 1605. The modern town is still mostly populated by Armenians.
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JULFA i. SAFAVID PERIOD
Vazken S. Ghougassian
The original Julfa is a very old village in the province of Nakhijevan (Naḵjavān), in historical Armenia. In early summer of 1605, the Julfa deportees to Iran were given temporary shelter in Isfahan, and they began with the building of New Julfa on the right bank of the Zāyandarud. For the first decades after its foundation, New Julfa was exclusively populated by Armenians from Old Julfa.
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JULFA ii. THE 18TH AND THE 19TH CENTURY
Vazken S. Ghougassian
The Afghan occupation of Isfahan between 1722 and 1729 struck a most devastating blow to the Armenians of New Julfa, although the city was spared total destruction and massive killings of its population.Nāder Shah Afšār (d. 1747) was even more brutal. Karim Khan Zand (d. 1779) treated the Armenian community fairly well and tried to encourage the return of expatriate Julfan merchants.
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JULFA iii. THE 20TH CENTURY
Vazken S. Ghougassian
The Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11 had a profound impact on Persian society as a whole. Armenians were actively involved in the constitutional movement.
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JULFA iv. ARCHITECTURE AND PAINTING
Armen Haghnazarian
By 1640 New Julfa had grown into an important cultural center with many public buildings, including churches, markets, and bath houses.
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JULFA v. ARMENIANS IN INDIA
Sebouh Aslanian
In the 17th century, Julfan merchants expanded their trade network in South Asia, and at the beginning of the 18th century the Primate of New Julfa had jurisdiction over the Armenian congregations in India and Java.
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JULIAN
Erich Kettenhofen
(Flavius Claudius Iulianus), Roman emperor (r. 361-63). The present article deals only with Julian’s military campaign against the Sasanians up to his death.
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JUNGE, PETER JULIUS
A. Shapur Shahbazi
German ancient historian and Iranologist (1913-1943).
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JUNKER, HEINRICH FRANZ JOSEF
Werner Sundermann
Junker chose as the subject of his thesis one of the most difficult and linguistically important Pahlavi texts, the Middle Persian dictionary of heterograms (a most appropriate term applied by Junker to Middle Iranian Aramaic spellings) and their eteographic explanations.
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JUSTI, FERDINAND (WILHELM JAKOB)
Rüdiger Schmitt
German scholar of Oriental, particularly Iranian, studies, comparative philologist, and folklorist (1837-1907).