Table of Contents
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DA AFḠĀNESTĀN TĀRĪḴ ṬŌLANA
Cross-Reference
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DĀ O DOḴTAR
Hubertus Von Gall
(lit. “Mother and daughter”), an important rock-cut tomb, probably of the early Hellenistic period, at the northwestern corner of the Mamasanī region of Fārs. Among all the rock-cut tombs of the former territory of Media and of Fārs, it most closely resembles the royal Achaemenid tombs.
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DABBĀḠĪ
ʿAlī-Akbar Saʿīdī Sīrjānī
tanning, the process by which animal skins are made into leather.
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DABESTĀN
Cross-Reference
(elementary school). See EDUCATION.
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DABESTĀN JOURNAL
Nassereddin Parvin
(“school”), Persian monthly cultural journal published in Mašhad, 1922-27.
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DABESTĀN-E MAḎĀHEB
Fatḥ-Allāh Mojtabāʾī
(school of religious doctrines), an important text of the Āḏar Kayvānī pseudo-Zoroastrian sect, written between 1645 and 1658.
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DABĪR
Aḥmad Tafażżolī, Hashem Rajabzadeh
"secretary, scribe." i. In the pre-Islamic period. ii. In the Islamic period.
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DABĪR-AL-MOLK FARĀHĀNĪ
Guity Nashat
or Mīrzā Moḥammad-Ḥosayn (1810-80), director of the private royal secretariat under Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah.
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DABĪR-E AʿẒAM
Cross-Reference
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DABĪRE, DABĪRĪ
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
a term designating the “seven scripts” supposedly used in the Sasanian period.
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DABĪRESTĀN
Cross-Reference
secondary school. See EDUCATION x. MIDDLE AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS.
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DABĪRESTĀN-E NEẒĀM
Cross-Reference
military secondary school. See pending entry MILITARY.
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DĀBŪYA DYNASTY
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E DĀBŪYA.
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DABUYIDS
Wilfred Madelung
the dynasty of espahbads ruling Ṭabarestān until its conquest by the Muslims in 144/761.
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DĀD (1)
Mansour Shaki
(Av. dāta- “law, right, rule, regulation, statute, command, institution, decision”), in the Zoroastrian tradition the most general term for law.
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DĀD (2)
Jean During
a vocal and instrumental gūša (motif), in reality more of a melodic type than a modal structure.
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DĀD (3)
Nassereddin Parvin
(lit., “justice”), a Tehran afternoon newspaper, 1942-61.
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DĀD NASK
Mansour Shaki
(law book), one of the three divisions of the Avesta, comprising seven nasks, subdivided into the five strictly legal (dādīg) nasks (Nikātum, Duzd-sar-nizad, Huspāram, Sakātum, and Vidēvdād) and the two disparate nasks, Čihrdād and Bagān Yašt.
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DADA ʿOMAR ROŠENĪ
Cross-Reference
cofounder of the Ḵalwatī Sufi order. See DEDE ÖMER RUŞENĪ
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DADARSIS
Muhammad A. Dandamayev
Old Persian name derived from darš “to dare”; three men with this name are known.
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DADESTAN
Mansour Shaki
(dād “law,” with the formative suffix -stān), a Middle Persian term used with denotations and connotations that vary with the legal, religious, philosophical, and social context.
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DĀDESTĀN Ī DĒNĪG
Mansour Shaki
(Religious judgements), Pahlavi work by Manūščihr, high priest of the Persian Zoroastrian community in the 9th century.
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DADESTAN Ī MENOG Ī XRAD
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
(Judgments of the Spirit of Wisdom), a Zoroastrian Pahlavi book in sixty-three chapters (a preamble and sixty-two questions and answers).
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DĀDGĀH "COURT"
Cross-Reference
court of law. See JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS v. JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE 20TH CENTURY.
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DĀDGĀH "TEMPLE FIRE"
Cross-Reference
See ĀTAŠ.
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DĀDGAR, ḤOSAYN
Bāqer ʿĀqelī
ʿAdl-al-Molk (b. Tehran ca. 1299/1881, d. 1349 Š./1970), at various times president of the Persian Majles, cabinet minister, and senator under the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties.
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DĀDGOSTARĪ, WEZĀRAT-E
Cross-Reference
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DĀDĪŠOʿ
Erica C. D. Hunter
(Syr. “beloved of Jesus”; Payne Smith, col. 824, s.v.; Pers. “given by Jesus”), catholicus of the Sasanian “Nestorian” church in 420/21-455/56.
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DĀDIŠOʿ
Florence Jullien
(d. ca. 604), head of the Great monastery on Mount Izla in Ṭur ʿAbdin, north of Nisibis. He completed the monastic reform (6th-7th century) with his own rules, reinforcing the cenobitic way of life.
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DADISOʿ QATRAYA
Nicholas Sims-Williams
(late 7th century), Nestorian author of ascetic literature in Syriac. Presumably a native of Qaṭar, as his surname suggests, he lived for a time at the monastery of Rabban Šābūr, near Šostar in Ḵūzestān. His writings included commentaries on the Paradise of the Fathers and on the 26 “discourses” of Abbā Isaiah; fragments of the latter are found in Sogdian translation.
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DĀḎMEHR b. FARROḴĀN
Cross-Reference
espahbad of Ṭabarestān. See Dabuyids.
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DADWAR, DADWARIH
Mansour Shaki
respectively judge, administrator of justice, lawgiver, lit., “bearer of law.”
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DADYSETH AGIARY
Mary Boyce and Firoze M. Kotwal
in 1771 C.E. Dadibhai Noshirwanji Dadyseth established an agiary with an Ādarān fire for the sake of the soul of his first wife, Kunverbai, in the Fort district of Bombay.
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DADYSETH ATAS BAHRAM
Mary Boyce and Firoze M. Kotwal
the oldest Ātaš Bahrām of Bombay, consecrated and installed according to Kadmi rites in the district of Fanaswadi on the day of Sarōš, month of Farvardīn 1153 A.Y./29 September 1783.
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DADYSETH, Dadibhai Noshirwanji
Mary Boyce and Firoze M. Kotwal
(1734-99), a distinguished Parsi philanthropist.
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DAĒNA
Cross-Reference
See DĒN.
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DAF(F) AND DAYERA
Jean During, Veronica Doubleday
terms applied to types of frame drum common in both the art music and popular traditions of Persia. Such drums have long been known throughout Asia in various forms and under different names. The term dāyera originally referred to the flat, circular drums of pre-Islamic Arabia.
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DAFTAR
Hashem Rajabzadeh
an administrative office, as well as a notebook or booklet, more especially an account book or correspondence register, used in such an office.
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DAFTAR-E ASNĀD-E RASMĪ
Aḥmad Mahdawī Dāmḡānī
(Registry of official documents), a government department where documents and records of transactions, contracts, marriages, divorces, and the like are kept and signatures verified.
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DAFTAR-ḴĀNA-YE HOMĀYŪN
Hashem Rajabzadeh
royal secretariat; a Safavid administrative unit headed by the daftardār, or chief secretary.
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DĀḠ
Ṣādeq Sajjādī
“brand.” According to Rašīd-al-Dīn Fażl-Allāh, “The tamḡā was a special emblem or mark that the Turkish and Mongol peoples stamped on decrees and also branded on their flocks.” Each of the twenty-four tribes of the Oḡuz Turkmen had its own tamḡā, with which it branded its flocks.
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DĀḠESTĀN
Gadzhi Gamzatovich Gamzatov, Fridrik Thordarson
(Daghestan). The many-faceted relationship between Dāḡestān (ancient Albania), a region in the eastern Caucasus, and Persia since antiquity has yet to be studied as a whole, though there is considerable historical, linguistic, folkloric, literary, and art-historical evidence bearing on it.
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DĀḠESTĀNĪ, FATḤ ʿALĪ KHAN
Roger M. Savory
b. Alqāṣ Mīrzā b. Ildirim Khan Šamḵāl, grand vizier (wazīr-e aʿẓam, eʿtemād-al-dawla) under Shah Solṭān-Ḥosayn I Ṣafawī (1105-35/1694-1722).
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DAGH BARY
Murtazali Gadjiev
part of the defensive system in the eastern Caucasus constructed during the reign of Ḵosrow I (r. 531-79).
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DAGUERREOTYPE
Chahryar Adle
the first practical photographic process, introduced into Persia in the early 1840s, shortly after its official presentation to the French Académie de Science in Paris in 1839. Acceptance of the medium of photography in Persia reflected the cultural value attached to painting in general and portraiture in particular.
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ḎAHABĪYA
Hamid Algar
a Sufi order of Shiʿite allegiance, ultimately derived from the Kobrawīya order.
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DAHAE
François de Blois, Willem Vogelsang
i. The name. ii. The people.
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DAHAN-E ḠOLĀMĀN
Gherardo Gnoli
“Gateway of the slaves,” site ca. 30 km southeast of Zābol in Sīstān. It is the sole large provincial capital surviving from the Achaemenid empire; excavations there have brought to light a combination of “imperial” elements, identified in the public buildings, and local elements.
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DAHBĪDĪYA
Hamid Algar
a hereditary line of Naqšbandī Sufis centered on the shrine at Dahbīd, a village about 11 km. from Samarqand.
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DAHM YAZAD
Mary Boyce
the Middle Persian name of the Zoroastrian divinity (also known as Dahmān Āfrīn and Dahmān) who is the spirit or force inherent in the Avestan benediction called Dahma Vaŋuhi Āfriti, or Dahma Āfriti.