BASSĀM-e KORD, the Kharijite (fl. mid-3rd/9th century), one of the first poets in the New Persian language, active at the…

BAŠŠĀR-e MARḠAZĪ (possibly Bešgar; see Bahār, I, p. 378 n. 1), a Persian poet of the 4th/10th century, apparently from…

BANĀʾĪ HERAVĪ, KAMĀL-AL-DĪN ŠĪR-ʿALĪ, son of Ostād Moḥammad Sabz Meʿmār, poet and musicologist (857-918/1453-1512). The son of an architect and…

BĀḴARZĪ ḴORĀSĀNĪ, RAʾĪS ABU’L-QĀSEM ʿALĪ B. ḤASAN B. ABI’L-ṬAYYEB, an Iranian littérateur of the 5th/11th century who composed poems in…

BAHRĀMĪ SARAḴSĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ, Persian poet and leading literary scholar of the early 5th/11th century. He was one of the…

BAHMANJANA (Arabicized form of Mid. Pers. Bahmanagān; forms such as Bahmaṇča or Bahmaṇčena are also found). Each day of the…

BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN BAḠDĀDĪ, MOḤAMMAD B. MOʾAYYAD BAḠDĀDĪ (or BAḠDĀDAKĪ) ḴᵛĀRAZMĪ, a master of the art of Persian letter-writing (tarassol) in the…

BADRĪ KAŠMĪRĪ, BADR-AL-DĪN ʿABD-AL-SALĀM B. EBRĀHĪM ḤOSAYNĪ, a Persian poet in India in the second half of the 10th/16th century….

BADĪʿ BALḴĪ, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD BADĪʿ B. MOḤAMMAD B. MAḤMŪD BALḴĪ, poet of the 4th/10th century, contemporary and panegyrist of Abū…

BADAḴŠĪ SAMARQANDĪ, the poet laureate (malek-al-šoʿarāʾ) of the Timurid Mīrzā Uluḡ Beg (murdered 853/1449). Dawlatšāh Samarqandī, Ḵᵛāndamīr, and Āḏar Bīgdelī…

BĀBĀ FAḠĀNĪ, a Persian poet in the 9th/15th and early 10th/16th centuries. Born and brought up at Shiraz, he began…

AWḤAD-AL-DĪN KERMĀNĪ, ḤAšMED B. ABI’L-FAḴR, a famous mystic of the 6th/12th century. Dates of his death given in different sources…

AṮĪR AḴSĪKATĪ, a poet of the 6th/12th century with a distinctive style. According to late sources such as Majmaʿ al-foṣaḥāʾ…

AṮĪR OWMĀNĪ, AṮĪR-AL-DĪN ʿABDALLĀH, a poet of the ʿErāqī (western Iranian) school of the 7th/13th century (d. 665/1266). He came…

ʿAṢṢĀR TABRĪZĪ, Mawlānā ŠAMS-AL-DĪN ḤĀJJĪ MOḤAMMAD, poet, scholar, and mystic of the 8th/14th century. In addition to literary skills, he…

ʿARŪŻĪ, YŪSOF, rhetorician and poet of the 4th/10th century, samples of whose poetry are preserved in the Loḡat-e fors and…

ʿĀREFĪ HERAVĪ, MAWLĀNĀ MAḤMŪD, a poet of the 9th/15th century contemporary with the Timurid Šāhroḵ. Either because he followed the…

ʿARABŠĀH, ʿEMĀD-AL-DĪN ʿARABŠĀH YAZDĪ, a poet and mystic of the 8th/14th century. He was a contemporary of Shah Yaḥyā, grandson…

ANDARZ (precept, instruction, advice). i. Andarz and andarz literature in pre-Islamic Iran. ii. Andarz literature in New Persian.   i….

ʿABD-AL-VĀSEʿ JABALĪ, full name EMĀM BADĪʿ-AL-ZAMĀN ʿABD-AL-VĀSEʿ B. ʿABD-AL-JĀMEʿ ḠARJESTĀNĪ JABALĪ, Persian poet, d. 555/1160. He was born to an…