Wolfram Kleiss
Articles by Wolfram Kleiss
- FARAḤĀBĀD
FARAḤĀBĀD, common place name throughout Persia, without any cultural or historical significance. The three best-known Faraḥābāds are the following. City…
- DEUTSCHES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT
DEUTSCHESARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT (D.A.I.), research institution administered by the German foreign ministry, with a number of branches, including the Abteilung Teheran…
- DARVĀZA
DARVĀZA (gateway), generally an entrance opening wide enough to permit passage of vehicles, in contrast to doorways, which are smaller…
- CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES in Persian architecture
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES in Persian architecture. Materials Mud. The most frequent building material in Iranian cultural areas has always…
- COLUMNS
COLUMNS, one of several kinds of upright, load-bearing architectural members encompassed, along with piers, in the term sotūn (Wasmuths Lexikon,…
- ČEHEL SOTŪN, QAZVIN
ČEHEL SOTŪN, QAZVĪN, a Safavid pavilion that stands amid gardens in the central meydān (square) of the old city and…
- CASTLES
CASTLES, primarily fortified country manors but also permanently inhabited defensive installations, maintained by the authorities along important land routes, and…
- CARAVANSARY
CARAVANSARY (also Caravansarai, Caravansaray, Pers. kārvān-sarā/-sarāy “lodging for caravans,” from kār(a)vān “caravan” and sarāy “house”; sometimes called ḵān), a building…
- CAPITALS
CAPITALS, in architectural terminology transitional elements between weight-bearing supports (see COLUMNS) and the roofs or vaults supported (Wasmuths Lexikon, p….
- BRIDGES
BRIDGES (Pers. pol, Mid. Pers. pohl, Av. pərətu-) i. Pre-Islamic bridges. ii. Bridges in the Islamic period. i. Pre-Islamic…
- BESṬĀM (2)
BESṬĀM (or Basṭām), Elamite Rusa-i Uru.Tur, the name of a village at the foot of the ruins of an ancient…
- HORSESHOES
HORSESHOES (naʿl), iron protectors for the hooves of pack animals (beasts of burden) and mounts. In Persia, as in southern…
- FORTIFICATIONS
FORTIFICATIONS. The present article deals with the fortified passages and defenses that are implied under the term bārū. Certain passes…
- KANGAVAR
KANGAVAR (Kengavar, Kangāvar), a town in the easternmost part of Kermanshah Province, on the modern road from Hamadan to Kermanshah,…
- LUSCHEY, Heinz
LUSCHEY, Heinz (b. Berlin, 3 December, 1910, d. Tübingen, 1 January, 1992; Figure 1), German archaeologist and art historian of…
- URARTU IN IRAN
URARTU IN IRAN. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq,…
- AZERBAIJAN xii. MONUMENTS
AZERBAIJAN xii. MONUMENTS The Iranian provinces of Azerbaijan, both West and East, possess a large number of monuments from all…