Wolfram Kleiss
(1930-2020), famous German architect and archaeologist.
- BATHHOUSES ii. The Layout of Rural Bath Structures
ii. The Layout of Rural Bath Structures A few related bath structures from different settings will be presented here: a…
- Azarbaijan ii. Archaeology
Azarbaijan ii. Archaeology The region to be discussed comprises the two Iranian provinces of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijan, with…
- BĀRŪ
BĀRŪ, (or Bāra), fortress in general, defensive wall, rampart. The word is not attested in the oldest sources and goes…
- BARSĪĀN
BARSĪĀN (also Bersīān, locally called Bīsyūn), a village in the dehestān of Barāʾān 45 km southeast of Isfahan on the…
- ʿABBĀSĀBĀD Caravan Station
ʿABBĀSĀBĀD, flourishing caravan station of the Safavid period. It was located 92 km southeast of Varāmīn in the Sīāh-kūh, and…
- CALMEYER, Peter
CALMEYER, Peter, German archaeologist and Iranologist (b. 5 September 1930 in Halle, d. 22 November 1995 in Berlin). His father,…
- MINARET
MINARET (manāra), a tower, usually attached to a mosque, from which the muezzin (moʾaḏḏen) summons Muslims to prayer. In Arabic,…
- FARAḤĀBĀD
FARAḤĀBĀD, common place name throughout Persia, without any cultural or historical significance. The three best-known Faraḥābāds are the following. City…
- DEUTSCHES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT
DEUTSCHESARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT (D.A.I.), research institution administered by the German foreign ministry, with a number of branches, including the Abteilung Teheran…
- DARVĀZA
DARVĀZA (gateway), generally an entrance opening wide enough to permit passage of vehicles, in contrast to doorways, which are smaller…
- CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES in Persian architecture
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES in Persian architecture. Materials Mud. The most frequent building material in Iranian cultural areas has always…
- COLUMNS
COLUMNS, one of several kinds of upright, load-bearing architectural members encompassed, along with piers, in the term sotūn (Wasmuths Lexikon,…
- ČEHEL SOTŪN, QAZVIN
ČEHEL SOTŪN, QAZVĪN, a Safavid pavilion that stands amid gardens in the central meydān (square) of the old city and…
- CASTLES
CASTLES, primarily fortified country manors but also permanently inhabited defensive installations, maintained by the authorities along important land routes, and…
- CARAVANSARY
CARAVANSARY (also Caravansarai, Caravansaray, Pers. kārvān-sarā/-sarāy “lodging for caravans,” from kār(a)vān “caravan” and sarāy “house”; sometimes called ḵān), a building…
- CAPITALS
CAPITALS, in architectural terminology transitional elements between weight-bearing supports (see COLUMNS) and the roofs or vaults supported (Wasmuths Lexikon, p….
- BRIDGES
BRIDGES (Pers. pol, Mid. Pers. pohl, Av. pərətu-) i. Pre-Islamic bridges. ii. Bridges in the Islamic period. i. Pre-Islamic…
- BESṬĀM (2)
BESṬĀM (or Basṭām), Elamite Rusa-i Uru.Tur, the name of a village at the foot of the ruins of an ancient…
- HORSESHOES
HORSESHOES (naʿl), iron protectors for the hooves of pack animals (beasts of burden) and mounts. In Persia, as in southern…
- FORTIFICATIONS
FORTIFICATIONS. The present article deals with the fortified passages and defenses that are implied under the term bārū. Certain passes…
- KANGAVAR
KANGAVAR (Kengavar, Kangāvar), a town in the easternmost part of Kermanshah Province, on the modern road from Hamadan to Kermanshah,…
- LUSCHEY, HEINZ
LUSCHEY, HEINZ (b. Berlin, 3 December, 1910, d. Tübingen, 1 January, 1992; Figure 1), German archaeologist and art historian of…
- URARTU IN IRAN
URARTU IN IRAN. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq,…
- Azarbaijan xii. MONUMENTS
Azarbaijan xii. MONUMENTS The Iranian provinces of Azarbaijan, both West and East, possess a large number of monuments from all…