William W. Malandra
Articles by William W. Malandra
- KHORDEH AVESTA
KHORDEH AVESTA (Pahlavi xwurdag abistāg; Pers. Ḵorda Avestā) “The Little Avesta,” the name given to collections of Zoroastrian texts used primarily by the laity for everyday…
- VĀYU
VĀYU “Wind, Atmosphere, Space,” name of a deity. Indo-Iranian religion recognized two wind gods: Av. vayu, Ved. vāyú, and Av….
- SRAOŠA
SRAOŠA (MPers. Srōš) a major deity (yazata) in Zoroastrianism, whose great popularity reserved a place for him in Iranian Islam…
- ŠAHREWAR
ŠAHREWAR, name of one of the Amahraspandān (see AMƎŠA SPƎNTA) in Zoroastrianism. This is the Middle Persian form of the…
- VISPERAD
VISPERAD (or Visprad), name of a lengthy Avestan text divided into 24 chapters (Pahl. kardag, Pers. karda); the name derives…
- MĀH YAŠT
MĀH YAŠT (Yašt 7), one of what have been termed ‘minor Yašts’ of the Avesta. As the name indicates, it…
- KHORDEH AVESTĀ
KHORDEH AVESTĀ (Pahlavi xwardag aβistāg) “The Little Avesta,” the name given to a collection of texts used primarily by the…
- VENDĪDĀD i. Survey of the history and contents of the text
VENDĪDĀD i. Survey of the History and Contents of the Text Of the three major divisions of the 21 Nasks of…
- ƎRƎTI
ƎRƎTI, the name of a minor goddess. One of a number of abstract deities who appear in the Avesta only…
- CHARIOT
CHARIOT (Av. raθa, vāša-, Mid. Pers. rah, wardyūn, etc.). Chariots in ancient Iran were light horse-drawn, two-wheeled vehicles designed for…
- CAUTES AND CAUTOPATES
CAUTES AND CAUTOPATES, the two dadophoroi or torch bearers who often flank Mithras in the bull-slaying scene and who are…
- SACRIFICE i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM
SACRIFICE i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM Conceptual orientation. There exists a vast literature on the subject of sacrifice, much of which has…
- KAĒTA
KAĒTA, an Avestan word whose approximate meaning is ‘soothsayer.’ The only occurrence of the word is in Yt. 8.5 to…
- JACKSON, ABRAHAM VALENTINE WILLIAMS
JACKSON, ABRAHAM VALENTINE WILLIAMS (b. New York City, 9 February 1862; d. New York City, 8 August 1937; FIGURE 1,…
- GRAY, LOUIS HERBERT
GRAY, LOUIS HERBERT, orientalist and philologist (b. Newark, New Jersey, 10 April, 1875; d. New York, New York, 18 August,…
- GŌŠURUN
GŌŠURUN, the Pahlavi name for the soul of the Sole-created Bull (Gāw i ēwdād, q.v.). The name itself derives from…
- GƎUŠ URUUAN
GƎˊUŠ URUUAN “the soul of the Cow,” the name of the archetypal Bovine, whose plight is a subject of Zoroaster’s…
- GƎUŠ TAŠAN
GƎˊUŠ TAŠAN (the fashioner of the Cow), a divine craftsman who figures prominently in the Gathas (q.v.) of Zoroaster but…
- GĀW Ī ĒWDĀD
GĀW Ī ĒWDĀD (also ēwagdād), the name of the primordial Bovine in Zoroastrian mythology. Although the name gav- aēvō.dātā- appears…
- GARŌDMĀN
GARŌDMĀN, the Pahlavi name for heaven and paradise, derived from GAv garō.dəmāna- (lit. “house of song”; cf. YAv garō.nmāna-, Man….
- GATHAS ii
ii. TRANSLATIONS Of the entire corpus of the Avesta, the Gathas have been translated far more frequently than any of…
- FRAWARDĪGĀN
FRAWARDĪGĀN (New Pers. farvardagān), name of the ten-day Zoroastrian festival (gāhānbār) at year’s end in honor of the spirits of…
- FRAHANG Ī OĪM
FRAHANG Ī OĪM, an Avestan-Pahlavi glossary so named after its first entry, Av. oīm glossed by Pahl. ēwag, though the…
- ZOROASTRIANISM i. HISTORICAL REVIEW UP TO THE ARAB CONQUEST
ZOROASTRIANISM i. HISTORICAL REVIEW: This article presents an overview of the history of Zoroastrianism from its beginnings up to the…
- YASNA
YASNA, the name for the central ritual in Zoroastrianism and for the long liturgical text recited during the daily performance…