FARHANG-E RAŠĪDĪ, a Persian dictionary compiled in India in 1064/1654 by the poet and scholar ʿAbd-al- Rašīd b. ʿAbd-al-Ḡafūr Ḥosaynī…

FARHANG-E SORŪRĪ, a dictionary of the Persian language, also known as Majmaʿ al-fors and Loḡat-e Sorūrī, compiled by the Persian…

FARHANG-E QAWWĀS, a Persian dictionary compiled probably no later than 716/1315 by the founder of Persian lexicography in India, the…

FARHANG-E JAHĀNGĪRĪ, one of the most complete and authoritative dictionaries of the Persian language, composed in India at the beginning…

FARHANG-E EBRĀHĪMĪ, a Persian-language dictionary by the well-known poet Ebrāhīm Qewām-al-Dīn Fārūqī. The author lived in Bihar and compiled his…

DĀNEŠ-NĀMA-YE QADAR KHAN (Book of knowledge [dedicated to] Qadar Khan), a Persian dictionary compiled by Ašrāf b. Šaraf Moḏakker Fārūḡī…

FREĬMAN, Aleksandr Arnol’dovich (b. Warsaw, 23 August 1879; d. St. Petersburg, 19 January 1968; Figure 1), founder and the head…

KAŠF AL-LOḠĀT WA’L-EṢṬELĀḤĀT (Revealing [of the meaning] of words and terminology), title of a Persian dictionary compiled in India by…

TOḤFAT al-AḤBĀB (Gift for friends), a Persian dictionary of the early Safavid period, compiled by Ḥāfeẓ Solṭān-ʿAli Owbahi Heravi in…

TOḤFAT al-SAʿĀDA (Gift of happiness), an early 16th-century Persian dictionary of 14,000 entries by Maḥmud b. Shaikh Żiāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad, a…

FARHANG-EWAFĀʾI (or Resāla-ye Wafāʾi), a Persian lexicon of some 2,425 mainly literary terms, compiled by Ḥosayn Wafāʾi in 933/1527 and…

Meʿyār-e Jamāli wa meftāḥ-e Abu Esḥāqi (‘Jamāl’s touchstone and Abu Esḥāq’s key’), a dictionary of the Persian language (comp. ca….

MADĀR AL-AFĀŻEL (The orbit of the learned), a dictionary of the Persian language compiled in 1001/1593 by the poet and…

ḠĪĀṮ AL-LOḠĀT (‘Aid in [the explication of] vocabulary’, punning on the author’s name), a Persian dictionary compiled in India in…