R. Schmitt
Articles by R. Schmitt
- BISOTUN iii. Darius’s Inscriptions
BISOTUN iii. Darius’s Inscriptions The monumental relief of Darius I, King of Persia, representing the king’s victory over the usurper…
- BISOTUN i. Introduction
BISOTUN i. Introduction The original Old Persian form of the name Bīsotūn can be recovered from the Greek rendering Bagistanon…
- ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. Iranian influences in Armenian Language
ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. Iranian Influences in Armenian i. General ARMENIAN, the language of the Armenians, which is attested in…
- ARMENIA and IRAN i. Armina, Achaemenid province
ARMENIA and IRAN i. Armina, Achaemenid Province Armina is named as a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid empire; the inhabitants are…
- DRANGIANA
DRANGIANA (or Zarangiana), territory around Lake Hāmūn and the Helmand river in modern Sīstān. The name of the country and its…
- DAURISES
DAURISES (Gk. Daurísēs, apparently reflecting the same Old Persian original as El. Da-a-ú/hu-ri-sa/ša, connected with Younger Av. daiŋ́hāuruuaēsa- “wandering up…
- BARTHOLOMAE, CHRISTIAN
BARTHOLOMAE, CHRISTIAN, German scholar of Iranian and Indo-European studies (1855-1925). 1. Life. Bartholomae was born the son of a forester…
- BAGAZUŠTA
BAGAZUŠTA, Old Iranian personal name. *Baga-zušta- “beloved of the god(s)” is the Median counterpart of Old Persian *baga-dušta-, which is…
- BĀGAYĀDIŠ
BĀGAYĀDIŠ (b-a-g-y-a-di-i-š, attested only in gen. °yādaiš/°y-a-d i-š), name of the seventh month (September-October) of the Old Persian calendar, mentioned…
- AUTIYĀRA
AUTIYĀRA, name of a district (Old Persian dah-yāuš) of the satrapy Armina of the Achaemenid empire; this Old Persian form…
- ATOSSA
ATOSSA, Achaemenid queen. The Greek form of the name may reflect Old Pers. *Utauθa ( = Av. Hutaosā), possibly “well…
- ASTYAGES
ASTYAGES, the last Median king. The name is attested in Greek as Astuágēs (so Herodotus, etc.) and Astuígas or Astuigâs…
- ARYANS
ARYANS. Definition of the term “Aryan.” The name “Aryan” (OInd. āˊrya-, Ir. *arya- [with short a-], in Old Pers. ariya-,…
- ARTYSTONE
ARTYSTONE, Persian female personal name, attested only in the Greek form Artystōnē (Herodotus 3.88.2 bis; 7.69.2; 7.72.2) and the Elamite…
- ARTAXERXES III
ARTAXERXES III, throne name of Ochus (Gk. Ôchos, Babylonian Ú-ma-kuš, son of Artaxerxes II and Stateira), Achaemenid king (r. 359-58…
- ARTAXERXES
ARTAXERXES, throne name of several Persian kings of the Achaemenid dynasty. The Old Persian form Artaxšaçā (really Ṛtaxšaca, for the…
- ARTAXERXES I
ARTAXERXES I, a son of Xerxes I and Amestris, whose name Flavius Josephus (Jewish Antiquities 11.6.1.) gives as Cyrus, Persian…
- ARTAXERXES II
ARTAXERXES II, Achaemenid Great King whose personal name is given as Arsaces (Ctesias F 14 apud Photius 469.28 in Jacoby,…
- ARTAVASDES
ARTAVASDES, Old Iranian male personal name, attested as Greek Artaouásdēs, Artabázēs, Artábazos, Artáozos, Latin Artavasdes, Artavazdes, Artabasdes, Artabazus, Elamite Ir-du-maš-da…
- ARIA
ARIA, name of a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire, several times confused with Ariane (see below)…
- ARDERIKKA
ARDERIKKA, name of two ancient villages: (1) Arderikka in Assyria (Herodotus 1.185.2) was a kōmē (village) on the Euphrates above…
- ARACHOSIA
ARACHOSIA, province (satrapy) in the eastern part of the Achaemenid empire around modern Kandahār (southern Afghanistan), which was inhabited by…
- APASIACAE
APASIACAE, name of a nomadic tribe belonging to the Scythian Massagetae, not attested in Iranian sources; the Apasiacae lived between…
- APADĀNA
APADĀNA, Old Pers. term referring to audience halls, now specifically to the audience hall in Persepolis. i. Term. ii. Building….
- ANAPHAS
ANAPHAS, Persian male name, attested only in the Greek forms Anaphās (Diodorus, 31.19.1-2), Ionic Anáphēs (Herodotus, 7.62.2, where we find…
- ANABASIS
ANABASIS (Greek anábasis, “going up, way up, expedition up [from the coast]”), title of ancient campaign accounts stylistically influenced by…
- ANĀMAKA
ANĀMAKA (a-n-a-m-k-), name of the tenth month (December-January) of the Old Persian calendar (see Kent, Old Persian, p. 161a), equivalent…
- AMYTIS
AMYTIS, Median and Persian female name, attested only in the Greek form Ámytis, which perhaps may reflect (with vowel metathesis)…
- AMESTRIS
AMESTRIS (Gr. Ámēstris, Ionic for Ámāstris), Greek form of an Old Persian female proper name. It may reflect Old Persian…
- ĀKAUFAČIYĀ
ĀKAUFAČIYĀ (a-k-u-f-č-i-y-a), name of a tribe resident in the southeastern part of the Achaemenid empire, attested only once (in nom….
- ADUKANAIŠA
ADUKANAIŠA (a-du-u-k-n-i-š-), name of the first month (March-April) of the Old Persian calendar (see Kent, Old Persian, p. 161a), equivalent…
- ĀÇIYĀDIYA
ĀÇIYĀDIYA (a-ç-i-y-a-di-i-y-), name of the ninth month (November-December) of the Old Persian calendar (see Kent, Old Persian, p. 161a), equivalent…
- ACHAEMENID DYNASTY
ACHAEMENID DYNASTY, from the Persian clan of the same name, ruled ca. 700 to 330 B.C. i. The clan and…